高中英語的關(guān)于語法的題型的答題技巧的介紹(2)
高中英語的關(guān)于語法的題型的答題技巧的介紹
高中英語的語法的題型行的答題技巧
5) 注意不定式的特殊句式
不定式在做定語和做狀語時都有其特殊句式，注意這些句式的特點，考試中就會少走一點彎路。如：
have something to do類：
這類結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于漢語的連動結(jié)構(gòu)，即"有事要做"，"買東西吃"，"借書看"等。
a room in which to live類：
該類結(jié)構(gòu)是a room to live in 的變體。但如果不熟悉這個結(jié)構(gòu)，考試中則難以決斷。如：
You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.(1998.1)
A. there B. them C. which D. where
The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6)
A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to base
the first to do
該結(jié)構(gòu)表示如果名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞、最高級本身做名詞用，其后應(yīng)不定式做定語。
the ability to do
該結(jié)構(gòu)表示，形容詞變了的名詞后用不定式做定語。
the need to do
該結(jié)構(gòu)表示由動詞變來的名詞后用不定式做定語。
the way to do
該結(jié)構(gòu)表示，在一些特定的名詞后面常用不定式做定語，應(yīng)注意記憶，如means, reason, time, pressure, moment。
6) 熟記固定搭配，分清不定式與to加動名詞
其實容易產(chǎn)生不定式符號與介詞混淆的只是為數(shù)不多的某些句式，只要平時注意積累即可。
prefer doing something to doing something
look forward to doing something
be used to doing something (習(xí)慣于做某事)
stick to doing something
object to doing something/ have objection to doing something
be opposed to doing something
admit/confess to doing something
I have no objection _____ your story again.(2000.6)
A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard
The man in the corner confessed to ________ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
從出題人的心理來看，如果有to do something和 to doing something的對比項，一般答案是to doing something。
7) 分清賓補的類別
(1)感官動詞后的賓補可以是
doing, do, done, being done的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中being done 只用于少數(shù)動詞后面， 如find, smell, feel等。
(2)have somebody do something 讓某人做某事
have somebody doing something 讓某人一直做某事
won't have somebody do something 不許某人做某事
have something done 使某事被做
have something + ving 讓……一直……
(3)catch,smell,keep,set,等只能接doing的結(jié)構(gòu),表示主動和正在進行。
(4)leave somebody doing something 讓某人一直做某事
leave something undone 使某事只做了一半
leave something to be done 事情有待于解決
leave somebody to do something讓某事做某事，表示將來
(5)with somebody to do something賓補與賓語是主謂關(guān)系，表示將來。
with somebody doing something 賓補與賓語之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示正在進行。
with something to do 賓補與賓語間是動賓關(guān)系，表示將來，動作執(zhí)行者在句中找的著。
with something to be done賓補與賓語是動賓關(guān)系，表示將來，但動作執(zhí)行者在句中找不著。
with something done 賓補與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示完成。
8) 注意下列結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語動詞的體
pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to do something
不定式動作一般為狀態(tài)動詞，也可是終止性動詞，表示與謂語動詞同時存在或發(fā)生。
pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to have done something
不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。
pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to be doing something
不定式動作與謂語動詞同時進行
9)熟記哪些動詞后接不定式,哪些接動名詞,如果兩者都可，又有什么差別。
既可接不定式,又可接動名詞,用法有別的動詞?？嫉挠? forget,remember, regret, mean, try等。
10)注意want/need/require表示"需要"時的特殊句式
want/need/require表"需要"時，后接主動的動名詞或被動的不定式，即doing 或to be done的形式。不可混淆。
3. 自我測試
以上我們簡要分析了四級英語測試中非謂語動詞的考查特點和應(yīng)對策略，下面，請同學(xué)們做自測練習(xí)。
二、 比較級
1. Test Yourself
在我們分析比較級的測試特點探討其應(yīng)對策略之前,讓我們首先看以下幾題。
1) Radio, television and press ____ of conveying news and information.(1995.6)
A. are the most three common means
B. are the most common three means
C. are the three most common means
D. are three the most common means
2) If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ________ would be getting sick.(1998.1)
A. a lot of more us B. more a lot of us
C. a lot of us more C. a lot more of us
3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ___ by his lack of talent.(1999.1)
A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as
4) Americans eat ____ as they actually need every day.(1998.6)
A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much twice
C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much
5) There are few electronic applications ____ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.
A. likely B. more likely C. most likely D. much likely
6) The little man was ____ more than one meter fifty tall.(1995.1)
A. nearly B. quite C. hardly D. almost
7) Certain programs work better for some ___ for others.(1995.1)
A. and B. than C. as D. but
8) It is not unusual for workers in that region ____.(1995.1)
A. to be paid more than a month late
B. to be paid later than more a month
C. to pay later than a month more
D. to pay late more than a month
9) It is reported that ________adopted children went to know who their natural parents are.(1997.1)
A. the most B. most of C. most D. the most of
10) The little man was _______one meter fifty high.(1997.1)
A. almost more than B. hardly more than C. nearly more than D. as much as
參考答案：
1) C 2) C 3) D 4) A 5) B 6) C 7) B 8) A 9) C 10) B
2. 比較級測試特點
在四級測試中，比較級屬低檔題，比較簡單，考查范圍大體有
1)比較級形式的判斷
比較級考題在設(shè)計干擾項時一般都會有比較與非比較的選擇，more than 與as/so …as的選擇。如上面的③，⑤。
2)比較級的修飾語
比較級的修飾語包括修飾語的結(jié)構(gòu)和修飾語的選用。
結(jié)構(gòu)指比較級修飾語須置于比較級之前，如①，②和④。
修飾語的選用根據(jù)其所表達的意思而定，如⑥，⑩。
3)比較級結(jié)構(gòu)與其它結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
如⑧中形容詞修飾語more than a month與比較級結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別，⑨中most 與the most的區(qū)別。
3. 比較級應(yīng)對策略
1)如果選項中有比較級結(jié)構(gòu)，則該題則為比較級考查題，可根據(jù)比較級使用規(guī)則選擇正確答案。
2)比較級修飾語應(yīng)注意more than 或as…as結(jié)構(gòu)之前。
3)注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，要么是more than 結(jié)構(gòu)，要么是as/so …as 結(jié)構(gòu)，或是the more …., the more ….的句型。
4)注意結(jié)構(gòu)的各種變體：
結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)名詞時的結(jié)構(gòu)可以是as old a car, as many /much/few/little …as。
5)如果有比較 對象的選擇應(yīng)注意比較對象的一致性和互不包容性。如：
His English is better than anyone else's in his class.
4. 自我測試
三、 情態(tài)動詞
1. Test Yourself
首先讓我們分析以下近幾年情態(tài)動詞的考題：
1) This box is too heavy, _________give me a hand?(1998.1)
A .would you mind B. would you please C. will you like to D. will you please to
2) Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night , no matter what we ____ during the day.(1999.1)
A. should have done B. would have done C. may have done D. must have done
3)It was very kind of you to do the washing-up,but you____ it.(1998.6)
A. mustn't have done B. wouldn't have done C. mightn't have done D. didn't have to do
4) If you don't like to swim, you ___ stay at home.(1995.1)
A. should as well B. may as well C. can as well D. would as well
5) You ____ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.(2000.6)
A. shouldn't follow B. mustn't follow C. couldn't have been following D. shouldn't have been following
6) You ___her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for
two weeks.(19996.1)
A. needn't have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can't have seen
7) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ cleaned.(1996.6)
A. can't have been B. shouldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. wouldn't have been
參考答案
1) B 2) C 3) D 4) B 5) D 6) C 7) A
2.情態(tài)動詞的測試要點
從以上例題可以看出，四級語法對情態(tài)動詞的測試大體有以下幾點。
1)情態(tài)動詞的基本用法，如①④⑤。
2)情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞的完成形式的用法，如③⑥。
3)情態(tài)動詞的推測性用法⑦。
3. 情態(tài)動詞的應(yīng)對策略
情態(tài)動詞的使用主要根據(jù)其所表達的含義。解題時注意以下幾點：
1)情態(tài)動詞自身結(jié)構(gòu)要正確
結(jié)構(gòu)包括情態(tài)動詞自身的搭配和其后的連帶成分。除ought外情態(tài)動詞后接原形動詞，測試中常將不同結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞置于一起設(shè)干擾項，如①。四個選項都與請求有關(guān)，但would you mind后接動名詞，一般說would you like to而不是will you like to，will you please后用原形動詞，答案是would you please?
2)注意情態(tài)動詞推測性用法中各個情態(tài)動詞使用的句型是否與題干句型一致。
在情態(tài)動詞的推測性用法中，must, can, may, might, could各用于不同的句型，應(yīng)注意分辨。具體使用規(guī)律為：
must只用于肯定句中。
can/could不能用語肯定句中。
may/might不能用語疑問句中。
另外還應(yīng)注意can't表示"不可能"，may not表示"可能不"。
考試時，如果有原因說明自己的猜測，一般應(yīng)該must, can't用而不是may, may not。如：
He can't have stolen the money; he is not such kind of person.
Some pleasant thing must have happened to him. He is so excited.
3) 注意推測性用法中謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間。
如果推測的為過去的事情，情態(tài)動詞后則用完成形式。
There must have been no one in, for nobody answered the phone.
如果推測的是正在進行的事情，情態(tài)動詞后則用動詞的進行形式。
They must be talking about something very secret.
如果推測的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)等，情態(tài)動詞后則用原形動詞
He must be badly ill. He looks so pale.
如果推測的是將來發(fā)生的事情，情態(tài)動詞后同樣用原形動詞，這時，情態(tài)動詞只能是may/might。
There may be a terrible storm in the following few days.
4) 注意"情態(tài)動詞+動詞的完成形式"所表達的意思與題干意思是否相符。
其它"情態(tài)動詞+ 動詞的完成形式"并不表示推測，而分別表示：
could have done本來能夠
He didn't take part in the competition, he _______ though.
A. won B. didn't win C. could win D. could have won
needn't have done 本來沒不要
You ________. There was plenty of time.
A. needn't hurry B. can't hurry
C. mustn't have hurried D. needn't have hurried
should/ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該
You _______ me earlier. I could have helped you.
A. should tell me B. should have told
C. need to tell D. needn't have told
shouldn't/oughtn't to have done 本來不應(yīng)該
You ____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.
A. shouldn't follow B. mustn't follow (2000.6)
C. couldn't have been following D. shouldn't have been following
might have done 本來應(yīng)該(用來表示一種責(zé)備)
You ______ even though you were busy at that time.
A. might help him B. must have helped him
C. might have helped him D. should help him
這類題在設(shè)計干擾項時，一般都會有情態(tài)動詞推測性用法的涉及，同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意分詞上下文的邏輯和語意關(guān)系。
5) 注意常用情態(tài)動詞的基本句法和表意功能
其它常用動詞的用法，如shall表示"命令"、"威脅"、"許諾"或征求許可，may/might as well等，同學(xué)們都應(yīng)多多注意其用法。
4. 自我訓(xùn)練
四、 倒裝
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)也是比較常見的一種句式，但考查的分量不大，考試都有哪些特點，如何應(yīng)對，首先讓我們一起來看一下近幾年的考題。
1.Test Yourself.
1) I could not persuade him to accept it, ___ make him see the
importance of it.(19995.1)
A. if only I could not B. no more than I could
C. or I could not D. nor could I
2) Not until the game had begun ______at the sports ground.(2000.6)
A. had he arrived B. would he have arrived
C. did he arrive C. should he have arrived
3) The organization had broken no rules, but _____ had it acted
responsibly.(19996.1)
A. neither B. so C. either D. both
4) We have been told that under no circumstances ______ the telephone
in the office for personal affairs.(1999.6)
A. may we use B. we may use C. we could use D. did we use
5) Only under special circumstances_____to take make-up tests.(1997.6)
A. are freshmen permitted B. freshmen are permitted
C. permitted are freshmen D. are permitted freshmen
參考答案：
1) D 2) C 3) A 4) B 5) A
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