名人英語(yǔ)勵(lì)志演講3篇

　　在找一些名人英語(yǔ)的勵(lì)志演講嗎?以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家整理的關(guān)于名人英語(yǔ)勵(lì)志演講，給大家作為參考，歡迎閱讀!

　　名人英語(yǔ)勵(lì)志演講1：比爾蓋茨在哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演講

　　President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates: I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told you I’d come back and get my degree.”

　　尊敬的博克校長(zhǎng)，前校長(zhǎng)魯?shù)撬固?，即將上任的佛斯特校長(zhǎng)，哈佛集團(tuán)和監(jiān)察理事會(huì)的各位成員。各位老師，各位家長(zhǎng)，各位同學(xué)：有句話我憋了30年，今天終于能一吐為快了：““爸 我沒(méi)騙你吧，文憑到手了!”

　　I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I’ll be changing my job next year … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my résumé.

　　我由衷地感謝哈佛這個(gè)時(shí)候給我這個(gè)榮譽(yù)。明年我要換工作(退休)。 我終于能在簡(jiǎn)歷里注明自己有大學(xué)學(xué)歷了。

　　I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees. For my part, I’m just happy that the Crimson has called me “Harvard’s most successful dropout.” I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class … I did the best of everyone who failed.

　　我要恭喜今年的畢業(yè)生們，因?yàn)槟銈儺厴I(yè)比我順利多了。其實(shí)我倒是很樂(lè)意克萊姆森把我喚作“哈佛大學(xué)最成功的輟學(xué)生”。這大概是我脫穎而出的法寶……我是輟學(xué)生中的領(lǐng)頭羊。

　　But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school. I’m a bad influence. That’s why I was invited to speak at your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today.

　　我還要檢討一下史蒂夫-鮑爾默也是受我蠱惑從商學(xué)院退學(xué)。我劣跡斑斑。這就是為什么我會(huì)受邀參加畢業(yè)演講。如果是開(kāi)學(xué)典禮，恐怕今天的人會(huì)少很多。

　　Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn’t even signed up for. And dorm life was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn’t worry about getting up in the morning. That’s how I came to be the leader of the antisocial group. We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.

　　哈佛是我生命里的一段非凡經(jīng)歷。校園生活格外充實(shí)，我旁聽(tīng)過(guò)很多沒(méi)有選過(guò)的課程。住宿的日子也很爽我當(dāng)時(shí)住在拉德克利夫的柯里爾宿舍，總是很多人在我的寢室討論到深夜。 大家知道我屬于夜行動(dòng)物。就這樣，我成為了這堆人的頭目。我們粘在一起，擺出拒絕社交的姿態(tài)。

　　Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn’t guarantee success.

　　拉德克利夫是個(gè)好地方。那里的女生比男生多，男生們大多都是科學(xué)怪人。所以我的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)了，你懂的。可同時(shí)我也明白了一個(gè)道理——機(jī)會(huì)大也不能保證成功。

　　One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, When I made a call from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the world’s first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.

　　1975年1月在哈佛打出的一通電話讓我畢生難忘。我打給位于阿爾伯克基的一個(gè)公司，那家公司當(dāng)時(shí)著手制造世界上第一臺(tái)個(gè)人電腦。我說(shuō)我想出售軟件給他們。

　　I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me. Instead they said: “We’re not quite ready, come see us in a month,” which was a good thing, because we hadn’t written the software yet. From that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Microsoft.

　　我擔(dān)心他們會(huì)因?yàn)槲覍W(xué)生身份而掛掉電話。但他們只是說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好 請(qǐng)一個(gè)月后再聯(lián)系我們。”我長(zhǎng)舒一口氣，壓根我們就沒(méi)開(kāi)工。從那時(shí)起 我不分晝夜地趕工 它是我大學(xué)生活結(jié)束的標(biāo)志，也是微軟偉大旅程的開(kāi)始。

　　What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I worked on.

　　哈佛的獨(dú)特氛圍讓我充滿精力和智慧。這里的日子可能振奮快樂(lè)、也可能令人退縮沮喪，但永遠(yuǎn)充滿了挑戰(zhàn)，神奇的體驗(yàn)!雖然我提前離開(kāi)了這里，但是這段經(jīng)歷對(duì)我影響重大。

　　But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.

　　不過(guò)說(shuō)心里話……我確實(shí)有一點(diǎn)遺憾。

　　I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world - the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair.

　　我離開(kāi)哈佛時(shí)，根本沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這個(gè)世界是多么地不平等。健康、財(cái)富、機(jī)遇差異懸殊，數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人生活在絕望之中。

　　I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.

　　我在哈佛觸摸著經(jīng)濟(jì)政治中的新思想，探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的未知前沿。

　　But humanity’s greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, strong public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – reducing inequity is the highest human achievement.

　　但是，人類的進(jìn)步不在于這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)，而在于如何運(yùn)用這些發(fā)現(xiàn)減少社會(huì)不公。不管是通過(guò)民主政策、健全的公共教育、高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)療保健還是廣泛的商機(jī)，消除不平等始終是人類最大的目標(biāo)。

　　I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing countries. It took me decades to find out.

　　離開(kāi)校園的時(shí)候，根本不知道在美國(guó)上百萬(wàn)年輕人沒(méi)有接受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。也對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家被貧困和病痛折磨的人們一無(wú)所知。我花了幾十年才明白這些事情。

　　You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the world’s inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope you’ve had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technology – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.

　　如今，在座的各位應(yīng)該比我更了解世界上的這些不平等現(xiàn)象。在你們的求學(xué)之路上我希望你們已經(jīng)思考過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題——如何在這個(gè)高速發(fā)展的時(shí)代解決不平等現(xiàn)象。

　　Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives. Where would you spend it?

　　試想一下如果你每周捐出幾個(gè)小時(shí)，幾塊錢，來(lái)參與一項(xiàng)能夠拯救生命和提高生活品質(zhì)的項(xiàng)目，你會(huì)如何選擇?

　　For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we have.

　　我和妻子梅琳達(dá)就面臨著這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：怎樣才能充分利用我們擁有的資源。

　　During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year- none of them in the United States.

　　舉棋不定時(shí)我們讀到一篇文章，文章里說(shuō)在貧困的國(guó)家里，每年有數(shù)百萬(wàn)，兒童死于于美國(guó)早已戰(zhàn)勝的疾病——麻疹、瘧疾、肺炎、乙肝、黃熱病，還有一種從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)的輪狀病毒每年會(huì)奪走五十萬(wàn)兒童的生命，而在美國(guó)沒(méi)有一例死亡病例。

　　We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren’t being delivered.

　　當(dāng)時(shí)我們就震驚了。我以為全世界會(huì)不遺余力地拯救這些在死亡線上掙扎的兒童們，然而這些不值錢的救命藥卻沒(méi)有送到他們手中。

　　If you believe that every life has equal value, it’s revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: “This can’t be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving.”

　　如果你堅(jiān)信人生而平等，把生命分等級(jí)的做法簡(jiǎn)直令人發(fā)指。我們對(duì)自己說(shuō)：“這絕不可能。但萬(wàn)一這是真的，那么這將成為我們慈善事業(yè)的首要任務(wù)。

　　So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: “How could the world let these children die?”

　　于是我們開(kāi)始行動(dòng)了 我相信這也會(huì)是你們的選擇。我們疑惑：“這個(gè)世界怎么可以眼睜睜看著這些孩子死去?”

　　The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice in the system. But you and I have both. We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism.

　　答案簡(jiǎn)單卻殘酷。市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，拯救兒童沒(méi)有利潤(rùn)，政府也不會(huì)給予補(bǔ)貼。父母無(wú)財(cái)無(wú)權(quán) 孩子們就死了。我們不一樣，我們可以讓市場(chǎng)更好地為窮人服務(wù)，如果我們可以改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有資本主義制度。

　　If we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes.

　　改善市場(chǎng)環(huán)境，讓更多的人賺到錢、維持生計(jì)，緩解苦難。給世界各地的政府施壓 讓他們把納稅人的錢花到最值得的地方。采取一些既滿足滿足窮人的需求，又能帶來(lái)商業(yè)利潤(rùn)并為政治家?guī)?lái)選票的措施。

　　If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world.This task is open-ended. It can never be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world.

　　采取一些既滿足滿足窮人的需求，又能帶來(lái)商業(yè)利潤(rùn)并為政治家?guī)?lái)選票的措施，我們就摸索到了減少世界不平等的可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路。然而這項(xiàng)任務(wù)并沒(méi)有終點(diǎn)，我們也許無(wú)法徹底解決。但只要不懈努力，就可以改變世界。

　　I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no hope. They say: “Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end – because people just … don’t … care.” I completely disagree.

　　我始終保持樂(lè)觀。但也聽(tīng)到過(guò)消極的言論。他們認(rèn)為：“這種不平等現(xiàn)象會(huì)伴隨我們一生，因?yàn)槿藗兡曔@一切。”但我不茍同。

　　I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing, not because we didn’t care, but because we didn’t know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would have acted.

　　雖然我們不知道該如何幫助他們，但我們絕對(duì)有這份心。我們都有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)歷，看到令人心碎的悲劇，卻沒(méi)有伸出援手。不是因?yàn)槔淠?而是我們不知道該怎么做。如果我們知道如何去幫，就一定會(huì)采取行動(dòng)。

　　The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.

　　阻礙援助步伐的并非冷漠，而是世界太復(fù)雜。要把愛(ài)心轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾袆?dòng)，我們首先要發(fā)掘問(wèn)題，然后尋找解決方案，并且監(jiān)測(cè)效果。然而世界的復(fù)雜性阻礙著這些步驟的實(shí)施。

　　Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.

　　即使有了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和24小時(shí)不間斷的新聞，人們?nèi)匀缓茈y看到真正的問(wèn)題。一架飛機(jī)發(fā)生墜毀事故，官員們會(huì)立刻召開(kāi)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，承諾調(diào)查起因，以避免今后發(fā)生類似的事故。

　　But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: “Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane. We’re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent.” The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable deaths.

　　但如果那些官員敢講真話，他們會(huì)說(shuō)：“全世界每天會(huì)有好多人含恨而終，這起空難只是冰山一角。我們會(huì)不惜一切代價(jià)解決削平這一角冰山，此外的問(wèn)題我們無(wú)力解決。” 可是與空難相比，那些奪走數(shù)百萬(wàn)生命的問(wèn)題則更為嚴(yán)重。

　　We don’t read much about these deaths. The media covers what’s new – and millions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it’s easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it’s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem. It’s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don’t know how to help. And so we look away.

　　事實(shí)上那些人的死輕如鴻毛，司空見(jiàn)慣，連媒體都不屑于報(bào)道。更無(wú)法吸引我們的注意。即使我們知道了 它也很難刺痛我們的神經(jīng)。世間最痛苦的事莫過(guò)于看著他人經(jīng)受苦難的卻無(wú)能為力，于是我們選擇了逃避。

　　If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.

　　發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，只是邁出了第一步，接下來(lái)我們還要：尋找解決方案。

　　Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks “How can I help?,” then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.

　　如果不想讓愛(ài)心變成空談，就必須找到問(wèn)題的解決方案。如果有清晰可靠的方案，那么政府或個(gè)人組織就能立刻采取行動(dòng)，將愛(ài)心落實(shí)。但是世界的復(fù)雜性使找尋方案的過(guò)程無(wú)比艱難 于是愛(ài)心才淪為空談。

　　Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.

　　打破復(fù)雜性需要四個(gè)步驟：確定目標(biāo)、找到最有效的途徑、尋找最理想的技術(shù)，并合理利用現(xiàn)有技術(shù)。無(wú)論是制作復(fù)雜的藥物，還是利用簡(jiǎn)單的蚊帳，都行。

　　The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.

　　以艾滋病為例。我們的目標(biāo)是消滅它。最有效的途徑是預(yù)防，最理想的技術(shù)是注射一劑疫苗實(shí)現(xiàn)終身免疫。所以現(xiàn)在政府、制藥公司、基金會(huì)都在資助疫苗的研究。但可能要十幾年才能研究出來(lái)，所以目前的最好的預(yù)防措施就是避開(kāi)那些可能傳播艾滋病的行為。

　　Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender to complexity and quit.

　　四步循環(huán)直達(dá)目標(biāo)。記住永遠(yuǎn)不要停止思考和行動(dòng)——永遠(yuǎn)不要像人們?cè)?0世紀(jì)對(duì)待瘧疾和肺結(jié)核那樣，向疾病投降。

　　The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts.

　　在發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題并找到解決方法后，還需監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果，并與他人分享成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和失敗的教訓(xùn)，讓別人也能從中受益。

　　You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government.

　　當(dāng)然，你還得有統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。用來(lái)證明你的項(xiàng)目為上百萬(wàn)兒童接種了疫苗，證明這些孩子的死亡率降低了。這不僅有利于項(xiàng)目的改進(jìn)，也有助于吸引更多的企業(yè)和政府投資。

　　But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers. You have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected.

　　但如果想吸引更多的人參與進(jìn)來(lái)，光靠數(shù)字還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。你需要展示出項(xiàng)目承載的價(jià)值，讓他們明白挽救一個(gè)生命對(duì)其家庭的意義。

　　Remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the thrill of saving just one person’s life – then multiply that by millions. Yet this was the most boring panel I’ve ever been on – ever. So boring even I couldn’t bear it.

　　我記得幾年前去達(dá)沃斯參加全球健康討論會(huì)，關(guān)于如何挽救數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命。數(shù)百萬(wàn)人!只要想想挽救一條生命帶來(lái)的震撼，再把這種震撼乘上幾百萬(wàn)倍是什么感覺(jué)!然而，那是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最無(wú)聊的討論會(huì)。

　　What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited about software – but why can’t we generate even more excitement for saving lives?

　　之所以銘記在心是因?yàn)槲易罱鼌⒓拥囊豢钴浖l(fā)布會(huì)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)氛圍異?；鸨?。人們激動(dòng)地歡呼雀躍?？吹饺藗円?yàn)檐浖d奮，我也很開(kāi)心——但我們?yōu)槭裁礋o(wú)法對(duì)挽救生命更感興趣呢?

　　You can’t get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. And how you do that – is a complex question.

　　除非人們能感知到行動(dòng)的影響力，否則人們就不會(huì)動(dòng)心。如何做到這一點(diǎn)并不簡(jiǎn)單。

　　Still, I’m optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new tools we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are new – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that’s why the future can be different from the past.

　　盡管如此，我還是很樂(lè)觀。是的，不平等現(xiàn)象一直存在，但我們總會(huì)想出新的解決辦法。新技術(shù)可以幫助我們傳播愛(ài)心，我對(duì)未來(lái)充滿信心。

　　The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the computer, the Internet--give us a chance we’ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death from preventable disease.

　　創(chuàng)新技術(shù)不斷涌現(xiàn)，比如生物技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。讓我們有機(jī)會(huì)終結(jié)救極度貧困和非惡性死亡。

　　Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a plan to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: “I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance of the situation.”

　　六十年前，喬治-馬歇爾在哈佛的畢業(yè)典禮上宣布了一項(xiàng)協(xié)助戰(zhàn)后歐洲的計(jì)劃。他說(shuō)：“我認(rèn)為推動(dòng)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的困難在于，報(bào)紙和廣播源源不斷地提供各種事實(shí)，使得公眾難以清晰地判斷形勢(shì)。事實(shí)上，經(jīng)過(guò)層層傳播，想要真正地把握形勢(shì)，是根本不可能的。

　　Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more visible, less distant.

　　馬歇爾發(fā)表演講三十年后，我的同學(xué)畢業(yè)了，科技開(kāi)始發(fā)展，這個(gè)世界變得更小、更開(kāi)放、更透明、人們之間的關(guān)系拉得更近。

　　The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.

　　低成本個(gè)人電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為人們提供了更多學(xué)習(xí)和交流的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.

　　神奇的是，網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅縮短了人與人之間的距離，也增加了精英們集思廣益共同解決難題的機(jī)會(huì)。加快了創(chuàng)新的規(guī)模和速度。

　　At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don’t. That means many creative minds are left out of this discussion smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don’t have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas to the world.

　　然而世界上只有六分之一的人能夠接觸互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，很多精英不能參與我們的討論，很多人無(wú)法把它們解決問(wèn)題的智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享出 來(lái)。

　　We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individualsto see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.

　　如今，新技術(shù)將引發(fā)一場(chǎng)革命，讓盡可能多的人與世界接軌，科技不僅為政府，也為大學(xué)、企業(yè)、小團(tuán)體甚至個(gè)人帶來(lái)了機(jī)會(huì)，而今這些機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人能夠運(yùn)用科技找到有效的解決60年前喬治•馬歇爾談到的饑荒、貧困和絕望。

　　Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world. What for?

　　各位哈佛大家庭的成員，你們是世界上少有的精英。我們?yōu)槭裁匆瞎?

　　There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?

　　毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，我們的教員、學(xué)生、校友都曾盡其所能改善全球人類的生活。我們還能更進(jìn)一步嗎?哈佛能夠?yàn)椴恢拦鹈麣獾哪吧朔瞰I(xiàn)智慧，伸出援助之手嗎?

　　Let me make a request of the deans and the professors the intellectual leaders here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?

　　請(qǐng)?jiān)洪L(zhǎng)和教授接受我的不情之請(qǐng)，各位哈佛大學(xué)的精英領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們，在你們雇用新教員、授予教授終身教職、評(píng)估課程安排和決定學(xué)位要求時(shí)，請(qǐng)問(wèn)自己一個(gè)問(wèn)題：最優(yōu)秀的人才是否應(yīng)該致力于解決人類的困境?

　　Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world’s worst inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevalence of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of school the children who die from diseases we can cure?

　　哈佛是否應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)教授解決世界上存在的嚴(yán)重不平等?哈佛的學(xué)生是不是應(yīng)該多關(guān)注一些全球貧富不均、糧食短缺、水資源稀缺、女童輟學(xué)的問(wèn)題?以及那些因無(wú)法接受有效治療而死亡的孩子?

　　Should the world’s most privileged people learn about the lives of the world’s least privileged?

　　世界上最衣食無(wú)憂的人是否應(yīng)該了解那些掙扎在死亡邊緣的人們的生活?

　　These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.

　　這并非言語(yǔ)修辭，這些問(wèn)題只能用行動(dòng)回答。

　　My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stopped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hosted a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she saw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter she said: “From those to whom much is given, much is expected.”

　　我的母親一直為我考上哈佛而自豪，也一直督促我回報(bào)社會(huì)。我結(jié)婚的前幾天的儀式上，她高聲朗讀自己寫給我妻子的信。當(dāng)時(shí)我母親已經(jīng)是癌癥晚期，但她堅(jiān)持要用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。信的最后 她念道：“獲益越多，責(zé)任越大。”

　　When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in talent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world has a right to expect from us.

　　想想我們獲得了什么——天賦，特權(quán)，機(jī)遇——世界寄予殷切的期望。

　　In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates here to take on an issue –a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a specialist on it.If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenomenal.But you don’t have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.

　　我希望每位畢業(yè)生承擔(dān)起這樣一種責(zé)任—— 參與解決人類不平等的問(wèn)題，如果你獻(xiàn)身這項(xiàng)事業(yè)，你的影響力將會(huì)是驚人的。既便不打算以此為業(yè)，你一樣可以有所作為。每周只需要花幾個(gè)小時(shí)，就可以利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)獲取信息、找到志同道合的朋友、設(shè)法解決一兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　　Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It will be one of the great experiences of your lives.

　　不要畏難，盡管放手去做。它將是你生命中最寶貴經(jīng)歷。

　　You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time.As you leave Harvard, you have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of global inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also have an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people whose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.

　　這是一個(gè)神奇的時(shí)代。今天的科技是我年輕時(shí)不曾體驗(yàn)的。你們對(duì)不平等現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識(shí)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)我們這代人。面對(duì)這種不平等，你們更容易受良心的譴責(zé)。行動(dòng)起來(lái)，時(shí)不我待。

　　And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world’s deepest inequities … on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.

　　30年后當(dāng)你再次回到哈佛的時(shí)候，我希望看到你用自己的天賦和精力做了哪些事。不僅用專業(yè)成就來(lái)衡量成功，還要看你是如何解決人類根深蒂固的不平等問(wèn)題。你是怎樣對(duì)待那些與你相隔萬(wàn)里、迥然不同的人的。

　　Good luck.

　　同學(xué)們，祝你們好運(yùn)!

　　名人英語(yǔ)勵(lì)志演講2：奧斯卡最佳劇作家索爾金雪城大學(xué)畢業(yè)演講

　　Thank you very much.

　　謝謝，謝謝大家。

　　Madam Chancellor, members of the Board of Trustees, members of the faculty and administration, parents and friends, honored guests and graduates, thank you for inviting me to speak today at this magnificent Commencement ceremony.

　　校長(zhǎng)、校董會(huì)委員、所有教職員、各位家長(zhǎng)和朋友、各位來(lái)賓和畢業(yè)生，感謝你們今天邀請(qǐng)我在這個(gè)盛大的畢業(yè)典禮上演講。

　　There's a story about a man and a woman who have been married for 40 years. One evening at dinner the woman turns to her husband and says, "You know, 40 years ago on our wedding day you told me that you loved me and you haven't said those words since." They sit in silence for a long moment before the husband says "If I change my mind, I'll let you know."

　　我先說(shuō)個(gè)關(guān)于一對(duì)結(jié)婚40年夫妻的故事。某天晚餐時(shí)，妻子轉(zhuǎn)頭對(duì)丈夫說(shuō)，“你知道嗎?40年前，我們結(jié)婚那天，你對(duì)我說(shuō)你愛(ài)我，之后就不曾再說(shuō)過(guò)這句話。”沉默了許久后，丈夫終于開(kāi)口，“如果我改變了主意，會(huì)讓你知道。”

　　Well, it's been a long time since I sat where you sit, and I can remember looking up at my teachers with great admiration, with fondness, with gratitude and with love. Some of the teachers who were there that day are here this day and I wanted to let them know that I haven't changed my mind.

　　好了，我像你們這樣坐在臺(tái)下是很久以前的事了，我還記得自己滿懷敬佩、感激與喜愛(ài)之情看著臺(tái)上的老師，當(dāng)時(shí)有些老師今天也在場(chǎng)。我想讓他們知道，我對(duì)他們的感激之情不曾改變。

　　There's another story. Two newborn babies are lying side by side in the hospital and they glance at each other. Ninety years later, through a remarkable coincidence, the two are back in the same hospital lying side by side in the same hospital room. They look at each other and one of them says, "So what'd you think?"

　　再說(shuō)另一個(gè)故事。兩位新生兒并肩躺在醫(yī)院的育兒室里，彼此對(duì)看了一眼。90年后，在一個(gè)不可思議地巧合下，兩人并肩躺在同一家醫(yī)院的病房里。他們看著對(duì)方，其中一位說(shuō)，“好吧，你感覺(jué)如何?”

　　It's going to be a very long time before you have to answer that question, but time shifts gears right now and starts to gain speed. Just ask your parents whose heads, I promise you, are exploding right now. They think they took you home from the maternity ward last month. They think you learned how to walk last week. They don't understand how you could possibly be getting a degree in something today. They listened to "Cats in the Cradle" the whole car ride here.

　　你們很久以后才需要回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。但物換星移，時(shí)間飛快流逝，只要問(wèn)你們的父母就知道。我向你們保證，現(xiàn)在他們的思緒必定亂成一團(tuán)。在他們記憶里，彷佛上個(gè)月才將你從產(chǎn)房帶回家，彷佛你上星期才學(xué)會(huì)走路，他們不明白你們?cè)趺纯赡芙裉炀腿〉媚硞€(gè)學(xué)位。他們一路聽(tīng)著“搖籃里的貓”前來(lái)這里。

　　I'd like to say to the parents that I realized something while I was writing this speech: the last teacher your kids will have in college will be me. And that thought scared the hell out of me. Frankly, you should feel exactly the same way. But I am the father of an 11-year-old daughter, so I do know how proud you are today, how proud your daughters and your sons make you every day, and that they did just learn how to walk last week, that you'll never not be there for them, that you love them more than they'll ever know and that it doesn’t matter how many degrees get put in their hand, they will always be dumber than you are.

　　我想告訴各位家長(zhǎng)，我在寫這篇演講稿時(shí)領(lǐng)悟到的一件事：你們孩子大學(xué)里最后一位老師將會(huì)是我。這個(gè)念頭令我膽顫心驚。老實(shí)說(shuō)，你們也應(yīng)該有相同感覺(jué)。但我是一位11歲女兒的父親，所以我確實(shí)了解你們今天是多么驕傲;你們的兒女時(shí)時(shí)刻刻讓你們 感到多么自豪;他們確實(shí)上星期才學(xué)會(huì)走路;你永遠(yuǎn)不需要為了參加他們的畢業(yè)典禮而來(lái)到這里;他們永遠(yuǎn)不知道你有多么愛(ài)他;無(wú)論他們拿到多少個(gè)學(xué)位，他們永遠(yuǎn)比你笨。

　　And make no mistake about it, you are dumb. You're a group of incredibly well-educated dumb people. I was there. We all were there. You're barely functional. There are some screw-ups headed your way. I wish I could tell you that there was a trick to avoiding the screw-ups, but the screw-ups, they're a-coming for ya. It's a combination of life being unpredictable, and you being super dumb.

　　這是無(wú)庸置疑地，你們確實(shí)是傻子。你們是一群受過(guò)良好教育的傻子。我經(jīng)歷過(guò)這個(gè)階段，我們?nèi)冀?jīng)歷過(guò)這個(gè)階段。你們幾乎做不成什么大事。總會(huì)有一些愚蠢的想法牽引著你的決定，我希望我能告訴你們避開(kāi)這些愚蠢想法的訣竅，但你依然逃不開(kāi)這些愚蠢的想法，這就是導(dǎo)致生命變得無(wú)法預(yù)知、讓你顯得超級(jí)愚蠢的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>

　　Today is May 13th and today you graduate. Growing up, I looked at my future as a timeline of graduations in which every few years, I'd be given more freedom and reward as I passed each milestone of childhood. When I get my driver's license, my life will be like this; when I'm a senior, my life will be like that; when I go off to college, my life will be like this; when I move out of the dorms, my life will be like that; and then finally, graduation. And on graduation day, I had only one goal left, and that was to be part of professional theater. We have this in common, you and I—we want to be able to earn a living doing what we love. Whether you're a writer, mathematician, engineer, architect, butcher, baker or candlestick maker, you want an invitation to the show.

　　今天是5月13日，你們畢業(yè)的日子。成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中，每隔幾年，畢業(yè)就成了標(biāo)記我未來(lái)人生進(jìn)程的時(shí)間軸。每當(dāng)我走過(guò)一個(gè)童年的里程碑，就得到更多的自由和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。當(dāng)我拿到駕照時(shí)，生活會(huì)像這樣;當(dāng)我升上高中時(shí)，生活會(huì)像那樣;當(dāng)我念大學(xué)時(shí)，生活會(huì)像這樣;當(dāng)我搬出宿舍時(shí)，生活會(huì)像那樣;然后我終于畢業(yè)。畢業(yè)那天，我只剩下一個(gè)目標(biāo)，就是成為專業(yè)劇團(tuán)的一員。這是你們和我的共同點(diǎn)，我們都希望從事自己感興趣的工作，無(wú)論是作家、數(shù)學(xué)家、工程師、建筑師、屠夫、面包師傅或燭臺(tái)制造商，你們都希望登上屬于自己的舞臺(tái)。

　　Today is May 13th, and today you graduate, and today you already know what I know: to get where you're going, you have to be good, and to be good where you're going, you have to be damned good. Every once in a while, you'll succeed. Most of the time you'll fail, and most of the time the circumstances will be well beyond your control.

　　今天是5月13日，你們畢業(yè)的日子，我明白的道理你們也都明白。想達(dá)成目標(biāo)，你必須有好的表現(xiàn);希望能有所成就，你必須拿出超乎尋常的好表現(xiàn)。偶爾你能僥幸成功，大多時(shí)候則難免經(jīng)歷失敗;大多時(shí)候，情況并非你所能掌控。

　　When we were casting my first movie, "A Few Good Men," we saw an actor just 10 months removed from the theater training program at UCLA. We liked him very much and we cast him in a small, but featured role as an endearingly dimwitted Marine corporal. The actor had been working as a Domino's Pizza delivery boy for 10 months, so the news that he'd just landed his first professional job and that it was in a new movie that Rob Reiner was directing, starring Tom Cruise and Jack Nicholson, was met with happiness. But as is often the case in show business, success begets success before you've even done anything, and a week later the actor's agent called. The actor had been offered the lead role in a new, as-yet-untitled Milos Forman film. He was beside himself. He felt loyalty to the first offer, but Forman after all was offering him the lead. We said we understood, no problem, good luck, we'll go with our second choice. Which, we did. And two weeks later, the Milos Forman film was scrapped. Our second choice, who was also making his professional debut, was an actor named Noah Wyle. Noah would go on to become one of the stars of the television series "ER" and hasn't stopped working since. I don't know what the first actor is doing, and I can't remember his name. Sometimes, just when you think you have the ball safely in the end zone, you're back to delivering pizzas for Domino's. Welcome to the NFL.

　　當(dāng)我第一部電影《軍官與魔鬼》開(kāi)拍時(shí)，劇組里有位十個(gè)月前才修完加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校戲劇表演課程的演員。他很討人喜歡，我們讓他擔(dān)任一個(gè)不是很重要、但十分顯眼的角色-一位傻氣而討喜的海軍下士。這位演員在Domino披薩擔(dān)任了10個(gè)月的外送員，所以首次獲得參與一部新電影演出的機(jī)會(huì)令他十分興奮。這部電影由Rob Reiner導(dǎo)演，湯姆.克魯斯和杰克.尼克遜主演。但如同演藝圈經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情形：在你還來(lái)不及完成任何事之前，成功的機(jī)會(huì)便接踵而來(lái)。一 星期后，這位演員的經(jīng)紀(jì)人致電給劇組：米洛斯·福爾曼一部尚未命名的電影邀請(qǐng)這位演員擔(dān)任主角。他欣喜若狂，雖然他認(rèn)為應(yīng)該對(duì)第一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)展現(xiàn)忠誠(chéng)，但畢竟福爾曼讓他擔(dān)任主角。我們回復(fù)說(shuō)，我們了解，沒(méi)問(wèn)題，祝你好運(yùn)，我們將采用第二順位的角色選擇，我們確實(shí)這么做了。兩星期后，米洛斯·福爾曼這部影片停拍，我們的第二選擇——也是一位職業(yè)生涯中首次獲得演出機(jī)會(huì)的演員，這位演員名叫Noah Wyle。Noah之后成為電視影集《急診室的春天》主角之一，至今仍在演藝圈大放異彩。我不知道第一位演員現(xiàn)況如何，甚至想不起他的名字。有時(shí)候，就在你以為自己安全達(dá)陣時(shí)，卻得回到Domino送披薩。歡迎來(lái)到野蠻世界。

　　In the summer of 1983, after I graduated, I moved to New York to begin my life as a struggling writer. I got a series of survival jobs that included bartending, ticket-taking, telemarketing, limo driving, and dressing up as a moose to pass out leaflets in a mall. I ran into a woman who'd been a senior here when I was a freshman. I asked her how it was going and how she felt Syracuse had prepared her for the early stages of her career. She said, "Well, the thing is, after three years you start to forget everything they taught you in college. But once you've done that, you'll be fine." I laughed because I thought it was funny and also because I wanted to ask her out, but I also think she was wrong.

　　1983年畢業(yè)后那個(gè)夏天，我搬到紐約，開(kāi)始艱苦的寫作生涯。我做過(guò)許多賴以糊口的工作，包括酒保、收票員、電話推銷員、豪華轎車司機(jī)、穿著麋鹿裝在商場(chǎng)里發(fā)傳單。我曾遇見(jiàn)一位雪城大學(xué)的學(xué)姐，我問(wèn)她近況如何，她認(rèn)為雪城大學(xué)對(duì)她早期職業(yè)生涯提供了什么幫助。她說(shuō)，“嗯，事實(shí)上，畢業(yè)三年后，你就會(huì)開(kāi)始把學(xué)校所教的全都忘光;但一旦到了這個(gè)階段，你就會(huì)開(kāi)始漸入佳境。”我忍不住大笑，因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得這十分荒謬，也有部分原因是我想約她出去。但我還是認(rèn)為她的想法并不正確。

　　As a freshman drama student—and this story is now becoming famous—I had a play analysis class—it was part of my requirement. The professor was Gerardine Clark. If anybody was wondering, the drama students are sitting over there. The play analysis class met for 90 minutes twice a week. We read two plays a week and we took a 20-question true or false quiz at the beginning of the session that tested little more than whether or not we'd read the play. The problem was that the class was at 8:30 in the morning, it met all the way down on East Genesee, I lived all the way up at Brewster/Boland, and I don't know if you've noticed, but from time to time the city of Syracuse experiences inclement weather. All this going to class and reading and walking through snow, wind chill that's apparently powered by jet engines, was having a negative effect on my social life in general and my sleeping in particular. At one point, being quizzed on "Death of a Salesman," a play I had not read, I gave an answer that indicated that I wasn't aware that at the end of the play the salesman dies. And I failed the class. I had to repeat it my sophomore year; it was depressing, frustrating and deeply embarrassing. And it was without a doubt the single most significant event that occurred in my evolution as a writer. I showed up my sophomore year and I went to class, and I paid attention, and we read plays and I paid attention, and we discussed structure and tempo and intention and obstacle, possible improbabilities, improbable impossibilities, and I paid attention, and by God when I got my grades at the end of the year, I'd turned that F into a D. I'm joking: it was pass/fail.

　　當(dāng)我身為戲劇系大一新生時(shí)-這個(gè)故事已越來(lái)越出名-我修了一堂戲劇分析課-這是必修課程之一，指導(dǎo)教授是 Gerardine Clark。如果有人想知道這些歡呼是怎么回事，戲劇系學(xué)生坐在那里。戲劇分析課每周上兩次，每次九十分鐘，每星期得研讀兩部劇本，每堂課開(kāi)始時(shí)，會(huì)舉行一場(chǎng)二十題是非題的小考，測(cè)驗(yàn)我們是否預(yù)習(xí)了劇本。問(wèn)題是，這是早上八點(diǎn)三十分的課，上課地點(diǎn)在East Genesee街尾，我住在Brewster/Boland街 頭。不知道你們是否注意到，雪城市的氣候經(jīng)常十分惡劣，我總是得在風(fēng)雪交加中前往學(xué)校上課， 刺骨的寒風(fēng)簡(jiǎn)直像從噴射機(jī)引擎中噴出似的，這對(duì)我的社交生活產(chǎn)生不少負(fù)面影響，尤其是睡眠質(zhì)量。某次小考的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于《推銷員之死》，我并未事先預(yù)習(xí)這出 戲劇，我寫出的答案顯示，我不知道劇終時(shí)那位推銷員是不是死了。這門課沒(méi)有及格。我不得不在大二時(shí)重修，這令我十分沮喪、深感羞愧。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地，這是我邁向作家之路過(guò)程中最刻骨銘心的事。大二時(shí)，我孜孜不倦地參與這門課程，用心研讀劇本，討論每一部劇本的架構(gòu)、節(jié)奏、寓意及轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，反復(fù)地 思考探索。我投注了全副心力，確實(shí)，當(dāng)我在期末收到成績(jī)單時(shí)，成績(jī)從F進(jìn)步到D。開(kāi)個(gè)玩笑;這堂課只有過(guò)與不過(guò)的分別。

　　But I stood at the back of the Eisenhower Theater at the Kennedy Center in Washington watching a pre-Broadway tryout of my plays, knowing that when the curtain came down, I could go back to my hotel room and fix the problem in the second act with the tools that Gerry Clark gave me. Eight years ago, I was introduced to Arthur Miller at a Dramatists Guild function and we spent a good part of the evening talking. A few weeks later when he came down with the flu he called and asked if I could fill in for him as a guest lecturer at NYU. The subject was "Death of a Salesman." You made a good decision coming to school here.

　　但當(dāng)我站在華盛頓肯尼迪表演藝術(shù)中心的Eisenhower劇場(chǎng)，觀看我的劇作在進(jìn)駐百老匯之前舉行的試演時(shí)，心里想著，落幕之后，我就能回酒店房間，使用從Gerry Clark(其著作曾改編成著名戲劇)作品學(xué)到的技巧，修改第二幕的瑕疵。八年前，阿瑟.米勒(美國(guó)傳奇劇作家)將我引介給美京劇作家協(xié)會(huì)，當(dāng)晚我們相談 甚歡。幾星期后，他罹患流行感冒，打電話問(wèn)我是否能代替他出席紐約大學(xué)的客座演講，演講主題正是《推銷員之死》。來(lái)雪城大學(xué)念書確實(shí)是明智的選擇。

　　I've made some bad decisions. I lost a decade of my life to cocaine addiction. You know how I got addicted to cocaine? I tried it. The problem with drugs is that they work, right up until the moment that they decimate your life. Try cocaine, and you'll become addicted to it. Become addicted to cocaine, and you will either be dead, or you will wish you were dead, but it will only be one or the other. My big fear was that I wasn't going to be able to write without it. There was no way I was going to be able to write without it. Last year I celebrated my 11-year anniversary of not using coke. Thank you. In that 11 years, I've written three television series, three movies, a Broadway play, won the Academy Award and taught my daughter all the lyrics to "Pirates of Penzance." I have good friends.

　　我曾誤入歧途。因?yàn)楣趴聣A成癮，浪費(fèi)了生命中寶貴的十年。你們知道我怎么會(huì)染上古柯堿毒癮嗎?我只是試了一口。毒品最大的問(wèn)題在于它們確實(shí)有用，直到摧毀你人生那一刻。只要試一 口，你就萬(wàn)劫不復(fù)。一旦染上毒癮，你不是吸毒而死，就是生不如死，但總是逃不出這兩 種悲慘的命運(yùn)。我最大的恐懼是，沒(méi)有它我會(huì)失去寫作靈感，沒(méi)有它我根本無(wú)法寫作。上個(gè)月我慶祝了戒毒11周年。謝謝。這11年來(lái)，我寫了三部電視系列影集、三部電影、一出百老匯戲劇、榮獲奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)，并教會(huì)我女兒整出《彭贊斯的海盜》(音樂(lè)劇)的歌詞。我有許多好朋友。

　　You'll meet a lot of people who, to put it simply, don't know what they're talking about. In 1970 a CBS executive famously said that there were four things that we would never, ever see on television: a divorced person, a Jewish person, a person living in New York City and a man with a moustache. By 1980, every show on television was about a divorced Jew who lives in New York City and goes on a blind date with Tom Selleck.

　　你會(huì)遇見(jiàn)許多人，簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，總是滿口胡言。1970年代，CBS將一句名言奉為圭臬：有四種角色絕不可能出現(xiàn) 在電視屏幕上-離婚的人、猶太人、紐約居民和蓄胡男子。到了1980年代，每部電視節(jié)目的內(nèi)容都是描寫住在紐約市的離婚猶太人，并和湯姆·謝立克(知名演員，蓄胡)進(jìn)行盲目約會(huì)。

　　Develop your own compass, and trust it. Take risks, dare to fail, remember the first person through the wall always gets hurt. My junior and senior years at Syracuse, I shared a five-bedroom apartment at the top of East Adams with four roommates, one of whom was a fellow theater major named Chris. Chris was a sweet guy with a sly sense of humor and a sunny stage presence. He was born out of his time, and would have felt most at home playing Mickey Rooney's sidekick in "Babes on Broadway." I had subscriptions back then to Time and Newsweek. Chris used to enjoy making fun of what he felt was an odd interest in world events that had nothing to do with the arts. I lost touch with Chris after we graduated and so I'm not quite certain when he died. But I remember about a year and a half after the last time I saw him, I read an article in Newsweek about a virus that was burning its way across the country. The Centers for Disease Control was calling it "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome" or AIDS for short. And they were asking the White House for $35 million for research, care and cure. The White House felt that $35 million was way too much money to spend on a disease that was only affecting homosexuals, and they passed. Which I'm sure they wouldn't have done if they'd known that $35 million was a steal compared to the $2 billion it would cost only 10 years later.Am I saying that Chris would be alive today if only he'd read Newsweek? Of course not. But it seems to me that more and more we've come to expect less and less of each other, and that's got to change. Your friends, your family, this school expect more of you than vocational success.

　　掌握自己的指南針，并相信它;勇于冒險(xiǎn)、不怕失敗;記住，第一位沖破高墻的人總不免受傷。我大三和大四時(shí)，在 East Adams街盡頭和四位室友分租一棟五間臥室的公寓，其中一位名叫Chris的室友主修戲劇。Chris是個(gè)可愛(ài)的家伙，有著狡黠幽默感，總是在舞臺(tái)上扮陽(yáng)光男孩角色。他生不逢時(shí)，最擅長(zhǎng)扮演《百老匯的小鬼》中Mickey Rooney伙伴那種角色。當(dāng)時(shí)我訂閱了《時(shí)代雜志》和《新聞周刊》;Chris感興趣的是一些千奇百怪、跟藝術(shù)無(wú)關(guān)的事物。畢業(yè)后，我與Chris失去聯(lián)絡(luò)，所以不確定Chris是何時(shí)過(guò)世的。但我記得，大約在最后一次見(jiàn)到他一年半之后，我在《新聞周刊》上讀到一篇文章，關(guān)于某種病毒正在全國(guó)蔓延的報(bào)導(dǎo)，疾病控制與預(yù)防中心稱它為“獲得性免疫缺陷綜合癥”，簡(jiǎn)稱艾滋病。他們向白宮申請(qǐng)3500萬(wàn)美元的研究、照護(hù)和治療經(jīng)費(fèi)，白宮認(rèn)為，將3500萬(wàn)美元花 在某種只會(huì)感染同性戀的疾病上太過(guò)昂貴，拒絕了這項(xiàng)申請(qǐng)。我敢肯定，如果他們知道，比起10年后花在治療上的20億美元，3500萬(wàn)美元不過(guò)是九牛一毛， 當(dāng)初就不會(huì)拒絕。我的意思是，只要Chris閱讀《新聞周刊》，今天就能好好活著嗎?當(dāng)然不是。但在我看來(lái)，當(dāng)我們期待越多，了解的就越少，這是必須改變 的現(xiàn)象。你的朋友、你的家人、這所學(xué)校對(duì)你的期待，不僅是職場(chǎng)上的成就。

　　Today is May 13th and today you graduate and the rules are about to change, and one of them is this: Decisions are made by those who show up. Don't ever forget that you're a citizen of this world. Don't ever forget that you're a citizen of this world, and there are things you can do to lift the human spirit, things that are easy, things that are free, things that you can do every day. Civility, respect, kindness, character. You're too good for schadenfreude, you're too good for gossip and snark, you're too good for intolerance—and since you're walking into the middle of a presidential election, it's worth mentioning that you're too good to think people who disagree with you are your enemy. Unless they went to Georgetown, in which case, they can go to hell.

　　今天是5月13日， 你們畢業(yè)的日子，代表你必須做出某些改變，其中一個(gè)原則如下：挺身而出者才有機(jī)會(huì)做出改變，別忘了你是這個(gè)世界的公民。別忘了你是這個(gè)世界的公民，你可以做些提升人類心靈層面的事，這些事并不困難，不過(guò)是舉手之勞，隨時(shí)隨地都能進(jìn)行。文明、尊重、善良、品格;你們不會(huì)幸災(zāi)樂(lè)禍;你們不會(huì)散播謠言、危言聳聽(tīng);你們不會(huì)心胸狹窄、缺乏寬容。既然你們都可能邁向競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)之途，這句話值得 一提：你們不會(huì)視反對(duì)者為敵人，除非是來(lái)自喬治敦大學(xué)的人(雪城大學(xué)的死對(duì)頭)。若碰上這種情況，就叫他們下地獄吧!

　　Don't ever forget that a small group of thoughtful people can change the world. It's the only thing that ever has. Rehearsal's over. You're going out there now, you're going to do this thing. How you live matters. You're going to fall down, but the world doesn't care how many times you fall down, as long as it's one fewer than the number of times you get back up.

　　別忘了，一群深思熟慮的人可以改變世界，這是唯一的真理。人生的排練已經(jīng)結(jié)束，你們即將走出校門，開(kāi)創(chuàng)真實(shí)人生，重要的是，你如何經(jīng)營(yíng)自己的人生。失敗在所難免，但這個(gè)世界并不在乎你曾經(jīng)失敗過(guò)多少次，只要你能一次又一次地重新站起來(lái)。

　　For the class of 2012, I wish you joy. I wish you health and happiness and success, I wish you a roof, four walls, a floor and someone in your life that you care about more than you care about yourself. Someone who makes you start saying "we" where before you used to say "I" and "us" where you used to say "me." I wish you the quality of friends I have and the quality of colleagues I work with. Baseball players say they don't have to look to see if they hit a home run, they can feel it. So I wish for you a moment—a moment soon—when you really put the bat on the ball, when you really get a hold of one and drive it into the upper deck, when you feel it. When you aim high and hit your target, when just for a moment all else disappears, and you soar with wings as eagles. The moment will end as quickly as it came, and so you'll have to have it back, and so you'll get it back no matter what the obstacles. A lofty prediction, to be sure, but I flat out guarantee it.

　　2012年畢業(yè)生，祝福你們常懷喜悅，祝福你們健康、幸福、成功，祝福你們擁有幸福美滿的家庭，擁有某個(gè)你在 乎他勝過(guò)自己的人，某個(gè)能與你共享生活中一切喜怒哀樂(lè)的人，希望你們擁有跟我朋友和同事一樣優(yōu)秀的伙伴。棒球選手說(shuō)，他們不需要緊盯著球，就能感覺(jué)自己擊出了全壘打。我期待有那么一天-在不久的將來(lái)-你們真正擊中那顆球。掌握這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，更上一層樓，真正擁有這份感受。當(dāng)你擁有崇高目標(biāo)，并盡力達(dá)成時(shí)，在一刻，一切艱辛都將煙消云散，你將如鷹般展翅翱翔。這個(gè)瞬間稍縱即逝，所以你必須繼續(xù)往目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)，你必須繼續(xù)往目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)，不論途中遭遇多少阻礙。這確實(shí)是個(gè)崇高的目標(biāo)，但只要付出努力，必定能夠達(dá)成。

　　名人英語(yǔ)勵(lì)志演講3：莫言諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)演講

　　尊敬的瑞典學(xué)院各位院士，女士們、先生們：

　　Distinguished members of the Swedish Academy, Ladies and Gentlemen:

　　通過(guò)電視或網(wǎng)絡(luò)，我想在座的各位對(duì)遙遠(yuǎn)的高密東北鄉(xiāng)，已經(jīng)有了或多或少的了解。你們也許看到了我的九十歲的老父親，看到了我的哥哥姐姐、我的妻子女兒，和我的一歲零四個(gè)月的外孫子。但是有一個(gè)此刻我最想念的人，我的母親，你們永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法看到了。我獲獎(jiǎng)后，很多人分享了我的光榮，但我的母親卻無(wú)法分享了。

　　Through the mediums of television and the Internet, I imagine that everyone here has at least a nodding acquaintance with far-off Northeast Gaomi Township. You may have seen my ninety-year-old father, as well as my brothers, my sister, my wife and my daughter, even my granddaughter, now a year and four months old. But the person who is most on my mind at this moment, my mother, is someone you will never see. Many people have shared in the honor of winning this prize, everyone but her.

　　我母親生于1922年，卒于1994年。她的骨灰，埋葬在村莊東邊的桃園里。去年，一條鐵路要從那兒穿過(guò)，我們不得不將她的墳?zāi)惯w移到距離村子更遠(yuǎn)的地方。掘開(kāi)墳?zāi)购?，我們看到，棺木已?jīng)腐朽，母親的骨殖，已經(jīng)與泥土混為一體。我們只好象征性地挖起一些泥土，移到新的墓穴里。也就是從那一時(shí)刻起，我感到，我的母親是大地的一部分，我站在大地上的訴說(shuō)，就是對(duì)母親的訴說(shuō)。

　　My mother was born in 1922 and died in 1994. We buried her in a peach orchard east of the village. Last year we were forced to move her grave farther away from the village in order to make room for a proposed rail line. When we dug up the grave, we saw that the coffin had rotted away and that her body had merged with the damp earth around it. So we dug up some of that soil, a symbolic act, and took it to the new gravesite. That was when I grasped the knowledge that my mother had become part of the earth, and that when I spoke to mother earth, I was really speaking to my mother.

　　我是我母親最小的孩子。

　　I was my mother’s youngest child.

　　我記憶中最早的一件事，是提著家里唯一的一把熱水壺去公共食堂打開(kāi)水。因?yàn)轲囸I無(wú)力，失手將熱水瓶打碎，我嚇得要命，鉆進(jìn)草垛，一天沒(méi)敢出來(lái)。傍晚的時(shí)候我聽(tīng)到母親呼喚我的乳名，我從草垛里鉆出來(lái)，以為會(huì)受到打罵，但母親沒(méi)有打我也沒(méi)有罵我，只是撫摸著我的頭，口中發(fā)出長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的嘆息。

　　My earliest memory was of taking our only vacuum bottle to the public canteen for drinking water. Weakened by hunger, I dropped the bottle and broke it. Scared witless, I hid all that day in a haystack. Toward evening, I heard my mother calling my childhood name, so I crawled out of my hiding place, prepared to receive a beating or a scolding. But Mother didn’t hit me, didn’t even scold me. She just rubbed my head and heaved a sigh.

　　我記憶中最痛苦的一件事，就是跟著母親去集體的地理揀麥穗，看守麥田的人來(lái)了，揀麥穗的人紛紛逃跑，我母親是小腳，跑不快，被捉住，那個(gè)身材高大的看守人煽了她一個(gè)耳光，她搖晃著身體跌倒在地，看守人沒(méi)收了我們揀到的麥穗，吹著口哨揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)而去。我母親嘴角流血，坐在地上，臉上那種絕望的神情深我終生難忘。多年之后，當(dāng)那個(gè)看守麥田的人成為一個(gè)白發(fā)蒼蒼的老人，在集市上與我相逢，我沖上去想找他報(bào)仇，母親拉住了我，平靜的對(duì)我說(shuō)：“兒子，那個(gè)打我的人，與這個(gè)老人，并不是一個(gè)人。”

　　My most painful memory involved going out in the collective’s field with Mother to glean ears of wheat. The gleaners scattered when they spotted the watchman. But Mother, who had bound feet, could not run; she was caught and slapped so hard by the watchman, a hulk of a man, that she fell to the ground. The watchman confiscated the wheat we’d gleaned and walked off whistling. As she sat on the ground, her lip bleeding, Mother wore a look of hopelessness I’ll never forget. Years later, when I encountered the watchman, now a gray-haired old man, in the marketplace, Mother had to stop me from going up to avenge her.“Son,” she said evenly, “the man who hit me and this man are not the same person.”

　　我記得最深刻的一件事是一個(gè)中秋節(jié)的中午，我們家難得的包了一頓餃子，每人只有一碗。正當(dāng)我們吃餃子時(shí)，一個(gè)乞討的老人來(lái)到了我們家門口，我端起半碗紅薯干打發(fā)他，他卻憤憤不平地說(shuō)：“我是一個(gè)老人，你們吃餃子，卻讓我吃紅薯干。你們的心是怎么長(zhǎng)的?”我氣急敗壞的說(shuō)：“我們一年也吃不了幾次餃子，一人一小碗，連半飽都吃不了!給你紅薯干就不錯(cuò)了，你要就要，不要就滾!”母親訓(xùn)斥了我，然后端起她那半碗餃子，倒進(jìn)了老人碗里。

　　My clearest memory is of a Moon Festival day, at noontime, one of those rare occasions when we ate jiaozi at home, one bowl apiece. An aging beggar came to our door while we were at the table, and when I tried to send him away with half a bowlful of dried sweet potatoes, he reacted angrily: “I’m an old man,” he said. “You people are eating jiaozi, but want to feed me sweet potatoes. How heartless can you be?” I reacted just as angrily: “We’re lucky if we eat jiaozi a couple of times a year, one small bowlful apiece, barely enough to get a taste! You should be thankful we’re giving you sweet potatoes, and if you don’t want them, you can get the hell out of here!” After (dressing me down) reprimanding me, Mother dumped her half bowlful of jiaozi into the old man’s bowl.

　　我最后悔的一件事，就是跟著母親去賣白菜，有意無(wú)意的多算了一位買白菜的老人一毛錢。算完錢我就去了學(xué)校。當(dāng)我放學(xué)回家時(shí)，看到很少流淚的母親淚流滿面。母親并沒(méi)有罵我，只是輕輕的說(shuō)：“兒子，你讓娘丟了臉。”

　　My most remorseful memory involves helping Mother sell cabbages at market, and me overcharging an old villager one jiao – intentionally or not, I can’t recall – before heading off to school. When I came home that afternoon, I saw that Mother was crying, something she rarely did. Instead of scolding me, she merely said softly, “Son, you embarrassed your mother today.”

　　我十幾歲時(shí)，母親患了嚴(yán)重的肺病，饑餓，病痛，勞累，使我們這個(gè)家庭陷入了困境，看不到光明和希望。我產(chǎn)生了一種強(qiáng)烈的不祥之兆，以為母親隨時(shí)都會(huì)自己尋短見(jiàn)。每當(dāng)我勞動(dòng)歸來(lái)，一進(jìn)大門就高喊母親，聽(tīng)到她的回應(yīng)，心中才感到一塊石頭落了地。如果一時(shí)聽(tīng)不到她的回應(yīng)，我就心驚膽戰(zhàn)，跑到廚房和磨坊里尋找。有一次找遍了所有的房間也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到母親的身影，我便坐在了院子里大哭。這時(shí)母親背著一捆柴草從外面走進(jìn)來(lái)。她對(duì)我的哭很不滿，但我又不能對(duì)她說(shuō)出我的擔(dān)憂。母親看到我的心思，她說(shuō)：“孩子你放心，盡管我活著沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)樂(lè)趣，但只要閻王爺不叫我，我是不會(huì)去的。”

　　Mother contracted a serious lung disease when I was still in my teens. Hunger, disease, and too much work made things extremely hard on our family. The road ahead looked especially bleak, and I had a bad feeling about the future, worried that Mother might take her own life. Every day, the first thing I did when I walked in the door after a day of hard labor was call out for Mother. Hearing her voice was like giving my heart a new lease on life. But not hearing her threw me into a panic. I’d go looking for her in the side building and in the mill. One day, after searching everywhere and not finding her, I sat down in the yard and cried like a baby. That is how she found me when she walked into the yard carrying a bundle of firewood on her back. She was very unhappy with me, but I could not tell her what I was afraid of. She knew anyway. “Son,” she said, “don’t worry, there may be no joy in my life, but I won’t leave you till the God of the Underworld calls me.”

　　我生來(lái)相貌丑陋，村子里很多人當(dāng)面嘲笑我，學(xué)校里有幾個(gè)性格霸蠻的同學(xué)甚至為此打我。我回家痛苦，母親對(duì)我說(shuō)：“兒子，你不丑，你不缺鼻子不缺眼，四肢健全，丑在哪里?而且只要你心存善良，多做好事，即便是丑也能變美。”后來(lái)我進(jìn)入城市，有一些很有文化的人依然在背后甚至當(dāng)面嘲弄我的相貌，我想起了母親的話，便心平氣和地向他們道歉。

　　I was born ugly. Villagers often laughed in my face, and school bullies sometimes beat me up because of it. I’d run home crying, where my mother would say, “You’re not ugly, Son. You’ve got a nose and two eyes, and there’s nothing wrong with your arms and legs, so how could you be ugly? If you have a good heart and always do the right thing, what is considered ugly becomes beautiful.” Later on, when I moved to the city, there were educated people who laughed at me behind my back, some even to my face; but when I recalled what Mother had said, I just calmly offered my apologies.

　　我母親不識(shí)字，但對(duì)識(shí)字的人十分敬重。我們家生活困難，經(jīng)常吃了上頓沒(méi)下頓。但只要我對(duì)她提出買書買文具的要求，她總是會(huì)滿足我。她是個(gè)勤勞的人，討厭懶惰的孩子，但只要是我因?yàn)榭磿⒄`了干活，她從來(lái)沒(méi)批評(píng)過(guò)我。

　　My illiterate mother held people who could read in high regard. We were so poor we often did not know where our next meal was coming from, yet she never denied my request to buy a book or something to write with. By nature hard working, she had no use for lazy children, yet I could skip my chores as long as I had my nose in a book.

　　有一段時(shí)間，集市上來(lái)了一個(gè)說(shuō)書人。我偷偷地跑去聽(tīng)書，忘記了她分配給我的活兒。為此，母親批評(píng)了我，晚上當(dāng)她就著一盞小油燈為家人趕制棉衣時(shí)，我忍不住把白天從說(shuō)書人聽(tīng)來(lái)的故事復(fù)述給她聽(tīng)，起初她有些不耐煩，因?yàn)樵谒哪恐姓f(shuō)書人都是油嘴滑舌，不務(wù)正業(yè)的人，從他們嘴里冒不出好話來(lái)。但我復(fù)述的故事漸漸的吸引了她，以后每逢集日她便不再給我排活，默許我去集上聽(tīng)書。為了報(bào)答母親的恩情，也為了向她炫耀我的記憶力，我會(huì)把白天聽(tīng)到的故事，繪聲繪色地講給她聽(tīng)。

　　A storyteller once came to the marketplace, and I sneaked off to listen to him. She was unhappy with me for forgetting my chores. But that night, while she was stitching padded clothes for us under the weak light of a kerosene lamp, I couldn’t keep from retelling stories I’d heard that day. She listened impatiently at first, since in her eyes professional storytellers were smooth-talking men in a dubious profession. Nothing good ever came out of their mouths. But slowly she was dragged into my retold stories, and from that day on, she never gave me chores on market day, unspoken permission to go to the marketplace and listen to new stories. As repayment for Mother’s kindness and a way to demonstrate my memory, I’d retell the stories for her in vivid detail.

　　很快的，我就不滿足復(fù)述說(shuō)書人講的故事了，我在復(fù)述的過(guò)程中不斷的添油加醋，我會(huì)投我母親所好，編造一些情節(jié)，有時(shí)候甚至改變故事的結(jié)局。我的聽(tīng)眾也不僅僅是我的母親，連我的姐姐，我的嬸嬸，我的奶奶都成為我的聽(tīng)眾。我母親在聽(tīng)完我的故事后，有時(shí)會(huì)憂心忡忡地，像是對(duì)我說(shuō)，又像是自言自語(yǔ)：“兒啊，你長(zhǎng)大后會(huì)成為一個(gè)什么人呢?難道要靠耍貧嘴吃飯嗎?”

　　It did not take long to find retelling someone else’s stories unsatisfying, so I began embellishing my narration. I’d say things I knew would please Mother, even changed the ending once in a while. And she wasn’t the only member of my audience, which later included my older sisters, my aunts, even my maternal grandmother. Sometimes, after my mother had listened to one of my stories, she’d ask in a care-laden voice, almost as if to herself: “What will you be like when you grow up, son? Might you wind up prattling for a living one day?”

　　我理解母親的擔(dān)憂，因?yàn)樵诖遄永?，一個(gè)貧嘴的孩子，是招人厭煩的，有時(shí)候還會(huì)給自己和家庭帶來(lái)麻煩。我在小說(shuō)《?！防锼鶎懙哪莻€(gè)因?yàn)樵挾啾淮遄永飬拹旱暮⒆?，就有我童年時(shí)的影子。我母親經(jīng)常提醒我少說(shuō)話，她希望我能做一個(gè)沉默寡言、安穩(wěn)大方的孩子。但在我身上，卻顯露出極強(qiáng)的說(shuō)話能力和極大的說(shuō)話欲望，這無(wú)疑是極大的危險(xiǎn)，但我說(shuō)的故事的能力，又帶給了她愉悅，這使他陷入深深的矛盾之中。

　　I knew why she was worried. Talkative kids are not well thought of in our village, for they can bring trouble to themselves and to their families. There is a bit of a young me in the talkative boy who falls afoul of villagers in my story “Bulls.” Mother habitually cautioned me not to talk so much, wanting me to be a taciturn, smooth and steady youngster. Instead I was possessed of a dangerous combination – remarkable speaking skills and the powerful desire that went with them. My ability to tell stories brought her joy, but that created a dilemma for her.

　　俗話說(shuō)“江山易改、本性難移”，盡管我有父母親的諄諄教導(dǎo)，但我并沒(méi)有改掉我喜歡說(shuō)話的天性，這使得我的名字“莫言”，很像對(duì)自己的諷刺。

　　A popular saying goes “It is easier to change the course of a river than a person’s nature.” Despite my parents’ tireless guidance, my natural desire to talk never went away, and that is what makes my name – Mo Yan, or “don’t speak” – an ironic expression of self-mockery.

　　我小學(xué)未畢業(yè)即輟學(xué)，因?yàn)槟暧左w弱，干不了重活，只好到荒草灘上去放牧牛羊。當(dāng)我牽著牛羊從學(xué)校門前路過(guò)，看到昔日的同學(xué)在校園里打打鬧鬧，我心中充滿悲涼，深深地體會(huì)到一個(gè)人，哪怕是一個(gè)孩子，離開(kāi)群體后的痛苦。

　　After dropping out of elementary school, I was too small for heavy labor, so I became a cattle- and sheep-herder on a nearby grassy riverbank. The sight of my former schoolmates playing in the schoolyard when I drove my animals past the gate always saddened me and made me aware of how tough it is for anyone – even a child – to leave the group.

　　到了荒灘上，我把牛羊放開(kāi)，讓它們自己吃草。藍(lán)天如海，草地一望無(wú)際，周圍看不到一個(gè)人影，沒(méi)有人的聲音，只有鳥(niǎo)兒在天上鳴叫。我感到很孤獨(dú)，很寂寞，心里空空蕩蕩。有時(shí)候，我躺在草地上，望著天上懶洋洋地飄動(dòng)著的白云，腦海里便浮現(xiàn)出許多莫名其妙的幻象。我們那地方流傳著許多狐貍變成美女的故事，我幻想著能有一個(gè)狐貍變成美女與我來(lái)作伴放牛，但她始終沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。但有一次，一只火紅色的狐貍從我面前的草叢中跳出來(lái)時(shí)，我被嚇得一屁股蹲在地上。狐貍跑沒(méi)了蹤影，我還在那里顫抖。有時(shí)候我會(huì)蹲在牛的身旁，看著湛藍(lán)的牛眼和牛眼中的我的倒影。有時(shí)候我會(huì)模仿著鳥(niǎo)兒的叫聲試圖與天上的鳥(niǎo)兒對(duì)話，有時(shí)候我會(huì)對(duì)一棵樹(shù)訴說(shuō)心聲。但鳥(niǎo)兒不理我，樹(shù)也不理我。許多年后，當(dāng)我成為一個(gè)小說(shuō)家，當(dāng)年的許多幻想，都被我寫進(jìn)了小說(shuō)。很多人夸我想象力豐富，有一些文學(xué)愛(ài)好者，希望我能告訴他們培養(yǎng)想象力的秘訣，對(duì)此，我只能報(bào)以苦笑。

　　I turned the animals loose on the riverbank to graze beneath a sky as blue as the ocean and grass-carpeted land as far as the eye could see – not another person in sight, no human sounds, nothing but bird calls above me. I was all by myself and terribly lonely; my heartfelt empty. Sometimes I lay in the grass and watched clouds float lazily by, which gave rise to all sorts of fanciful images. That part of the country is known for its tales of foxes in the form of beautiful young women, and I would fantasize a fox-turned-beautiful girl coming to tend animals with me. She never did come. Once, however, a fiery red fox bounded out of the brush in front of me, scaring my legs right out from under me. I was still sitting there trembling long after the fox had vanished. Sometimes I’d crouch down beside the cows and gaze into their deep blue eyes, eyes that captured my reflection. At times I’d have a dialogue with birds in the sky, mimicking their cries, while at other times I’d divulge my hopes and desires to a tree. But the birds ignored me, and so did the trees. Years later, after I’d become a novelist, I wrote some of those fantasies into my novels and stories. People frequently bombard me with compliments on my vivid imagination, and lovers of literature often ask me to divulge my secret to developing a rich imagination. My only response is a wan smile.

　　就像中國(guó)的先賢老子所說(shuō)的那樣：“福兮禍之所伏，福禍福所倚”，我童年輟學(xué)，飽受饑餓、孤獨(dú)、無(wú)書可讀之苦，但我因此也像我們的前輩作家沈從文那樣，及早地開(kāi)始閱讀社會(huì)人生這本大書。前面所提到的到集市上去聽(tīng)說(shuō)數(shù)人說(shuō)書，僅僅是這本大書中的一頁(yè)。

　　Our Taoist master Laozi said it best: “Fortune depends on misfortune. Misfortune is hidden in fortune.” I left school as a child, often went hungry, was constantly lonely, and had no books to read. But for those reasons, like the writer of a previous generation, Shen Congwen, I had an early start on reading the great book of life. My experience of going to the marketplace to listen to a storyteller was but one page of that book.

　　輟學(xué)之后，我混跡于成人之中，開(kāi)始了“用耳朵閱讀”的漫長(zhǎng)生涯。二百多年前，我的故鄉(xiāng)曾出了一個(gè)講故事的偉大天才蒲松齡，我們村里的許多人，包括我，都是他的傳人。我在集體勞動(dòng)的田間地頭，在生產(chǎn)隊(duì)的牛棚馬廄，在我爺爺奶奶的熱炕頭上，甚至在搖搖晃晃地進(jìn)行著的牛車社，聆聽(tīng)了許許多多神鬼故事，歷史傳奇，逸聞趣事，這些故事都與當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀画h(huán)境，家庭歷史緊密聯(lián)系在一起，使我產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的現(xiàn)實(shí)感。

　　After leaving school, I was thrown uncomfortably into the world of adults, where I embarked on the long journey of learning through listening. Two hundred years ago, one of the great storytellers of all time – Pu Songling – lived near where I grew up, and where many people, me included, carried on the tradition he had perfected. Wherever I happened to be – working the fields with the collective, in production team cowsheds or stables, on my grandparents’ heated kang, even on oxcarts bouncing and swaying down the road, my ears filled with tales of the supernatural, historical romances, and strange and captivating stories, all tied to the natural environment and clan histories, and all of which created a powerful reality in my mind.

　　我做夢(mèng)也想不到有朝一日這些東西會(huì)成為我的寫作素材，我當(dāng)時(shí)只是一個(gè)迷戀故事的孩子，醉心地聆聽(tīng)著人們的講述。那時(shí)我是一個(gè)絕對(duì)的有神論者，我相信萬(wàn)物都有靈性，我見(jiàn)到一棵大樹(shù)會(huì)肅然起敬。我看到一只鳥(niǎo)會(huì)感到它隨時(shí)會(huì)變化成人，我遇到一個(gè)陌生人，也會(huì)懷疑他是一個(gè)動(dòng)物變化而成。每當(dāng)夜晚我從生產(chǎn)隊(duì)的記工房回家時(shí)，無(wú)邊的恐懼便包圍了我，為了壯膽，我一邊奔跑一邊大聲歌唱。那時(shí)我正處在變聲期，嗓音嘶啞，聲調(diào)難聽(tīng)，我的歌唱，是對(duì)我的鄉(xiāng)親們的一種折磨。

　　Even in my wildest dreams, I could not have envisioned a day when all this would be the stuff of my own fiction, for I was just a boy who loved stories, who was infatuated with the tales people around me were telling. Back then I was, without a doubt, a theist, believing that all living creatures were endowed with souls. I’d stop and pay my respects to a towering old tree; if I saw a bird, I was sure it could become human any time it wanted; and I suspected every stranger I met of being a transformed beast. At night, terrible fears accompanied me on my way home after my work points were tallied, so I’d sing at the top of my lungs as I ran to build up a bit of courage. My voice, which was changing at the time, produced scratchy, squeaky songs that grated on the ears of any villager who heard me.

　　我在故鄉(xiāng)生活了二十一年，期間離家最遠(yuǎn)的是乘火車去了一次青島，還差點(diǎn)迷失在木材廠的巨大木材之間，以至于我母親問(wèn)我去青島看到了什么風(fēng)景時(shí)，我沮喪地告訴她：什么都沒(méi)看到，只看到了一堆堆的木頭。但也就是這次青島之行，使我產(chǎn)生了想離開(kāi)故鄉(xiāng)到外邊去看世界的強(qiáng)烈愿望。

　　I spent my first twenty-one years in that village, never traveling farther from home than to Qingdao, by train, where I nearly got lost amid the giant stacks of wood in a lumber mill. When my mother asked me what I’d seen in Qingdao, I reported sadly that all I’d seen were stacks of lumber. But that trip to Qingdao planted in me a powerful desire to leave my village and see the world.

　　1976 年2 月，我應(yīng)征入伍，背著我母親賣掉結(jié)婚時(shí)的首飾幫我購(gòu)買的四本《中國(guó)通史簡(jiǎn)編》，走出了高密東北鄉(xiāng)這個(gè)既讓我愛(ài)又讓我恨的地方，開(kāi)始了我人生的重要時(shí)期。我必須承認(rèn)，如果沒(méi)有30 多年來(lái)中國(guó)社會(huì)的巨大發(fā)展與進(jìn)步，如果沒(méi)有改革開(kāi)放，也不會(huì)有我這樣一個(gè)作家。

　　In February 1976 I was recruited into the army and walked out of the Northeast Gaomi Township village I both loved and hated, entering a critical phase of my life, carrying in my backpack the four-volume Brief History of China my mother had bought by selling her wedding jewelry. Thus began the most important period of my life. I must admit that were it not for the thirty-odd years of tremendous development and progress in Chinese society, and the subsequent national reform and opening of her doors to the outside, I would not be a writer today.

　　在軍營(yíng)的枯燥生活中，我迎來(lái)了八十年代的思想解放和文學(xué)熱潮，我從一個(gè)用耳朵聆聽(tīng)故事，用嘴巴講述故事的孩子，開(kāi)始嘗試用筆來(lái)講述故事。起初的道路并不平坦，我那時(shí)并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到我二十多年的農(nóng)村生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)是文學(xué)的富礦，那時(shí)我以為文學(xué)就是寫好人好事，就是寫英雄模范，所以，盡管也發(fā)表了幾篇作品，但文學(xué)價(jià)值很低。

　　In the midst of mind-numbing military life, I welcomed the ideological emancipation and literary fervor of the nineteen-eighties, and evolved from a boy who listened to stories and passed them on by word of mouth into someone who experimented with writing them down. It was a rocky road at first, a time when I had not yet discovered how rich a source of literary material my two decades of village life could be. I thought that literature was all about good people doing good things, stories of heroic deeds and model citizens, so that the few pieces of mine that were published had little literary value.

　　1984年秋，我考入解放軍藝術(shù)學(xué)院文學(xué)系。在我的恩師著名作家徐懷中的啟發(fā)指導(dǎo)下，我寫出了《秋水》、《枯河》、《透明的紅蘿卜》、《紅高粱》等一批中短篇小說(shuō)。在《秋水》這篇小說(shuō)里，第一次出現(xiàn)了“高密東北鄉(xiāng)”這個(gè)字眼，從此，就如同一個(gè)四處游蕩的農(nóng)民有了一片土地，我這樣一個(gè)文學(xué)的流浪漢，終于有了一個(gè)可以安身立命的場(chǎng)所。我必須承認(rèn)，在創(chuàng)建我的文學(xué)領(lǐng)地“高密東北鄉(xiāng)”的過(guò)程中，美國(guó)的威廉·?？思{和哥倫比亞的加西亞·馬爾克斯給了我重要啟發(fā)。我對(duì)他們的閱讀并不認(rèn)真，但他們開(kāi)天辟地的豪邁精神激勵(lì)了我，使我明白了一個(gè)作家必須要有一塊屬于自己的地方。一個(gè)人在日常生活中應(yīng)該謙卑退讓，但在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中，必須頤指氣使，獨(dú)斷專行。我追隨在這兩位大師身后兩年，即意識(shí)到，必須盡快地逃離他們，我在一篇文章中寫道：他們是兩座灼熱的火爐，而我是冰塊，如果離他們太近，會(huì)被他們蒸發(fā)掉。根據(jù)我的體會(huì)，一個(gè)作家之所以會(huì)受到某一位作家的影響，其根本是因?yàn)橛绊懻吆捅挥绊懻哽`魂深處的相似之處。正所謂“心有靈犀一點(diǎn)通”。所以，盡管我沒(méi)有很好地去讀他們的書，但只讀過(guò)幾頁(yè)，我就明白了他們干了什么，也明白了他們是怎樣干的，隨即我也就明白了我該干什么和我該怎樣干。

　　In the fall of 1984 I was accepted into the Literature Department of the PLA Art Academy, where, under the guidance of my revered mentor, the renowned writer Xu Huaizhong, I wrote a series of stories and novellas, including: “Autumn Floods,” “Dry River,” “The Transparent Carrot,” and “Red Sorghum.” Northeast Gaomi Township made its first appearance in “Autumn Floods,” and from that moment on, like a wandering peasant who finds his own piece of land, this literary vagabond found a place he could call his own. I must say that in the course of creating my literary domain, Northeast Gaomi Township, I was greatly inspired by the American novelist William Faulkner and the Columbian Gabriel García Márquez. I had not read either of them extensively, but was encouraged by the bold, unrestrained way they created new territory in writing, and learned from them that a writer must have a place that belongs to him alone. Humility and compromise are ideal in one’s daily life, but in literary creation, supreme self-confidence and the need to follow one’s own instincts are essential. For two years I followed in the footsteps of these two masters before realizing that I had to escape their influence; this is how I characterized that decision in an essay: They were a pair of blazing furnaces, I was a block of ice. If I got too close to them, I would dissolve into a cloud of steam. In my understanding, one writer influences another when they enjoy a profound spiritual kinship, what is often referred to as “hearts beating in unison.” That explains why, though I had read little of their work, a few pages were sufficient for me to comprehend what they were doing and how they were doing it, which led to my understanding of what I should do and how I should do it.

　　我該干的事情其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，那就是用自己的方式，講自己的故事。我的方式，就是我所熟知的集市說(shuō)書人的方式，就是我的爺爺奶奶、村里的老人們講故事的方式。坦率地說(shuō)，講述的時(shí)候，我沒(méi)有想到誰(shuí)會(huì)是我的聽(tīng)眾，也許我的聽(tīng)眾就是那些如我母親一樣的人，也許我的聽(tīng)眾就是我自己，我自己的故事，起初就是我的親身經(jīng)歷，譬如《枯河》中那個(gè)遭受痛打的孩子，譬如《透明的紅蘿卜》中那個(gè)自始至終一言不發(fā)的孩子。我的確曾因?yàn)楦蛇^(guò)一件錯(cuò)事而受到過(guò)父親的痛打，我也的確曾在橋梁工地上為鐵匠師傅拉過(guò)風(fēng)箱。當(dāng)然，個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷無(wú)論多么奇特也不可能原封不動(dòng)地寫進(jìn)小說(shuō)，小說(shuō)必須虛構(gòu)，必須想象。很多朋友說(shuō)《透明的紅蘿卜》是我最好的小說(shuō)，對(duì)此我不反駁，也不認(rèn)同，但我認(rèn)為《透明的紅蘿卜》是我的作品中最有象征性、最意味深長(zhǎng)的一部。那個(gè)渾身漆黑、具有超人的忍受痛苦的能力和超人的感受能力的孩子，是我全部小說(shuō)的靈魂，盡管在后來(lái)的小說(shuō)里，我寫了很多的人物，但沒(méi)有一個(gè)人物，比他更貼近我的靈魂?；蛘呖梢哉f(shuō)，一個(gè)作家所塑造的若干人物中，總有一個(gè)領(lǐng)頭的，這個(gè)沉默的孩子就是一個(gè)領(lǐng)頭的，他一言不發(fā)，但卻有力地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著形形色色的人物，在高密東北鄉(xiāng)這個(gè)舞臺(tái)上，盡情地表演。

　　What I should do was simplicity itself: Write my own stories in my own way. My way was that of the marketplace storyteller, with which I was so familiar, the way my grandfather and my grandmother and other village old-timers told stories. In all candor, I never gave a thought to audience when I was telling my stories; perhaps my audience was made up of people like my mother, and perhaps it was only me. The early stories were narrations of my personal experience: the boy who received a whipping in “Dry River,” for instance, or the boy who never spoke in “The Transparent Carrot.” I had actually done something bad enough to receive a whipping from my father, and I had actually worked the bellows for a blacksmith on a bridge site. Naturally, personal experience cannot be turned into fiction exactly as it happened, no matter how unique that might be. Fiction has to be fictional, has to be imaginative. To many of my friends, “The Transparent Carrot” is my very best story; I have no opinion one way or the other. What I can say is, “The Transparent Carrot” is more symbolic and more profoundly meaningful than any other story I’ve written. That dark-skinned boy with the superhuman ability to suffer and a superhuman degree of sensitivity represents the soul of my entire fictional output. Not one of all the fictional characters I’ve created since then is as close to my soul as he is. Or put a different way, among all the characters a writer creates, there is always one that stands above all the others. For me, that laconic boy is the one. Though he says nothing, he leads the way for all the others, in all their variety, performing freely on the Northeast Gaomi Township stage.

　　自己的故事總是有限的，講完了自己的故事，就必須講他人的故事。于是，我的親人們的故事，我的村人們的故事，以及我從老人們口中聽(tīng)到過(guò)的祖先們的故事，就像聽(tīng)到集合令的士兵一樣，從我的記憶深處涌出來(lái)。他們用期盼的目光看著我，等待著我去寫他們。我的爺爺、奶奶、父親、母親、哥哥、姐姐、姑姑、叔叔、妻子、女兒，都在我的作品里出現(xiàn)過(guò)，還有很多的我們高密東北鄉(xiāng)的鄉(xiāng)親，也都在我的小說(shuō)里露過(guò)面。當(dāng)然，我對(duì)他們，都進(jìn)行了文學(xué)化的處理，使他們超越了他們自身，成為文學(xué)中的人物。

　　A person can experience only so much, and once you have exhausted your own stories, you must tell the stories of others. And so, out of the depths of my memories, like conscripted soldiers, rose stories of family members, of fellow villagers, and of long-dead ancestors I learned of from the mouths of old-timers. They waited expectantly for me to tell their stories. My grandfather and grandmother, my father and mother, my brothers and sisters, my aunts and uncles, my wife and my daughter have all appeared in my stories. Even unrelated residents of Northeast Gaomi Township have made cameo appearances. Of course they have undergone literary modification to transform them into larger-than-life fictional characters.

　　我最新的小說(shuō)《蛙》中，就出現(xiàn)了我姑姑的形象。因?yàn)槲耀@得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，許多記者到她家采訪，起初她還很耐心地回答提問(wèn)，但很快便不勝其煩，跑到縣城里她兒子家躲起來(lái)了。姑姑確實(shí)是我寫《蛙》時(shí)的模特，但小說(shuō)中的姑姑，與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的姑姑有著天壤之別。小說(shuō)中的姑姑專橫跋扈，有時(shí)簡(jiǎn)直像個(gè)女匪，現(xiàn)實(shí)中的姑姑和善開(kāi)朗，是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的賢妻良母?，F(xiàn)實(shí)中的姑姑晚年生活幸福美滿，小說(shuō)中的姑姑到了晚年卻因?yàn)樾撵`的巨大痛苦患上了失眠癥，身披黑袍，像個(gè)幽靈一樣在暗夜中游蕩。我感謝姑姑的寬容，她沒(méi)有因?yàn)槲以谛≌f(shuō)中把她寫成那樣而生氣;我也十分敬佩我姑姑的明智，她正確地理解了小說(shuō)中人物與現(xiàn)實(shí)中人物的復(fù)雜關(guān)系。

　　An aunt of mine is the central character of my latest novel, Frogs. The announcement of the Nobel Prize sent journalists swarming to her home with interview requests. At first, she was patiently accommodating, but she soon had to escape their attentions by fleeing to her son’s home in the provincial capital. I don’t deny that she was my model in writing Frogs, but the differences between her and the fictional aunt are extensive. The fictional aunt is arrogant and domineering, in places virtually thuggish, while my real aunt is kind and gentle, the classic caring wife and loving mother. My real aunt’s golden years have been happy and fulfilling; her fictional counterpart suffers insomnia in her late years as a result of spiritual torment, and walks the nights like a specter, wearing a dark robe. I am grateful to my real aunt for not being angry with me for how I changed her in the novel. I also greatly respect her wisdom in comprehending the complex relationship between fictional characters and real people.

　　母親去世后，我悲痛萬(wàn)分，決定寫一部書獻(xiàn)給她。這就是那本《豐乳肥臀》。因?yàn)樾赜谐芍瘢驗(yàn)榍楦谐溆?，僅用了83 天，我便寫出了這部長(zhǎng)達(dá)50 萬(wàn)字的小說(shuō)的初稿。

　　After my mother died, in the midst of almost crippling grief, I decided to write a novel for her. Big Breasts and Wide Hips is that novel. Once my plan took shape, I was burning with such emotion that I completed a draft of half a million words in only eighty-three days.

　　在《豐乳肥臀》這本書里，我肆無(wú)忌憚地使用了與我母親的親身經(jīng)歷有關(guān)的素材，但書中的母親情感方面的經(jīng)歷，則是虛構(gòu)或取材于高密東北鄉(xiāng)諸多母親的經(jīng)歷。在這本書的卷前語(yǔ)上，我寫下了“獻(xiàn)給母親在天之靈”的話，但這本書，實(shí)際上是獻(xiàn)給天下母親的，這是我狂妄的野心，就像我希望把小小的“高密東北鄉(xiāng)”寫成中國(guó)乃至世界的縮影一樣。

　　In Big Breasts and Wide Hips I shamelessly used material associated with my mother’s actual experience, but the fictional mother’s emotional state is either a total fabrication or a composite of many of Northeast Gaomi Township’s mothers. Though I wrote “To the spirit of my mother” on the dedication page, the novel was really written for all mothers everywhere, evidence, perhaps, of my overweening ambition, in much the same way as I hope to make tiny Northeast Gaomi Township a microcosm of China, even of the whole world.

　　作家的創(chuàng)作過(guò)程各有特色，我每本書的構(gòu)思與靈感觸發(fā)也都不盡相同。有的小說(shuō)起源于夢(mèng)境，譬如《透明的紅蘿卜》，有的小說(shuō)則發(fā)端于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中發(fā)生的事件譬如《天堂蒜薹之歌》。但無(wú)論是起源于夢(mèng)境還是發(fā)端于現(xiàn)實(shí)，最后都必須和個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合，才有可能變成一部具有鮮明個(gè)性的，用無(wú)數(shù)生動(dòng)細(xì)節(jié)塑造出了典型人物的、語(yǔ)言豐富多彩、結(jié)構(gòu)匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)的文學(xué)作品。有必要特別提及的是，在《天堂蒜薹之歌》中，我讓一個(gè)真正的說(shuō)書人登場(chǎng)，并在書中扮演了十分重要的角色。我十分抱歉地使用了這個(gè)說(shuō)書人真實(shí)姓名，當(dāng)然，他在書中的所有行為都是虛構(gòu)。在我的寫作中，出現(xiàn)過(guò)多次這樣的現(xiàn)象，寫作之初，我使用他們的真實(shí)姓名，希望能借此獲得一種親近感，但作品完成之后，我想為他們改換姓名時(shí)卻感到已經(jīng)不可能了，因此也發(fā)生過(guò)與我小說(shuō)中人物同名者找到我父親發(fā)泄不滿的事情，我父親替我向他們道歉，但同時(shí)又開(kāi)導(dǎo)他們不要當(dāng)真。我父親說(shuō)：“他在《紅高粱》中，第一句就說(shuō)‘我父親這個(gè)土匪種’，我都不在意你們還在意什么?”

　　The process of creation is unique to every writer. Each of my novels differs from the others in terms of plot and guiding inspiration. Some, such as “The Transparent Carrot,” were born in dreams, while others, like The Garlic Ballads have their origin in actual events. Whether the source of a work is a dream or real life, only if it is integrated with individual experience can it be imbued with individuality, be populated with typical characters molded by lively detail, employ richly evocative language, and boast a well crafted structure. Here I must point out that in The Garlic Ballads I introduced a real-life storyteller and singer in one of the novel’s most important roles. I wish I hadn’t used his real name, though his words and actions were made up. This is a recurring phenomenon with me. I’ll start out using characters’ real names in order to achieve a sense of intimacy, and after the work is finished, it will seem too late to change those names. This has led to people who see their names in my novels going to my father to vent their displeasure. He always apologizes in my place, but then urges them not to take such things so seriously. He’ll say: “The first sentence in Red Sorghum, ‘My father, a bandit’s offspring,’ didn’t upset me, so why should you be unhappy?”

　　我在寫作《天堂蒜薹之歌》這類逼近社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說(shuō)時(shí)，面對(duì)著的最大問(wèn)題，其實(shí)不是我敢不敢對(duì)社會(huì)上的黑暗現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行批評(píng)，而是這燃燒的激情和憤怒會(huì)讓政治壓倒文學(xué)，使這部小說(shuō)變成一個(gè)社會(huì)事件的紀(jì)實(shí)報(bào)告。小說(shuō)家是社會(huì)中人，他自然有自己的立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)，但小說(shuō)家在寫作時(shí)，必須站在人的立場(chǎng)上，把所有的人都當(dāng)作人來(lái)寫。只有這樣，文學(xué)才能發(fā)端事件但超越事件，關(guān)心政治但大于政治。

　　My greatest challenges come with writing novels that deal with social realities, such as The Garlic Ballads, not because I’m afraid of being openly critical of the darker aspects of society, but because heated emotions and anger allow politics to suppress literature and transform a novel into reportage of a social event. As a member of society, a novelist is entitled to his own stance and viewpoint; but when he is writing he must take a humanistic stance, and write accordingly. Only then can literature not just originate in events, but transcend them, not just show concern for politics but be greater than politics.

　　可能是因?yàn)槲医?jīng)歷過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的艱難生活，使我對(duì)人性有較為深刻的了解。我知道真正的勇敢是什么，也明白真正的悲憫是什么。我知道，每個(gè)人心中都有一片難用是非善惡準(zhǔn)確定性的朦朧地帶，而這片地帶，正是文學(xué)家施展才華的廣闊天地。只要是準(zhǔn)確地、生動(dòng)地描寫了這個(gè)充滿矛盾的朦朧地帶的作品，也就必然地超越了政治并具備了優(yōu)秀文學(xué)的品質(zhì)。

　　Possibly because I’ve lived so much of my life in difficult circumstances, I think I have a more profound understanding of life. I know what real courage is, and I understand true compassion. I know that nebulous terrain exists in the hearts and minds of every person, terrain that cannot be adequately characterized in simple terms of right and wrong or good and bad, and this vast territory is where a writer gives free rein to his talent. So long as the work correctly and vividly describes this nebulous, massively contradictory terrain, it will inevitably transcend politics and be endowed with literary excellence.

　　喋喋不休地講述自己的作品是令人厭煩的，但我的人生是與我的作品緊密相連的，不講作品，我感到無(wú)從下嘴，所以還得請(qǐng)各位原諒。

　　Prattling on and on about my own work must be annoying, but my life and works are inextricably linked, so if I don’t talk about my work, I don’t know what else to say. I hope you are in a forgiving mood.

　　在我的早期作品中，我作為一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的說(shuō)書人，是隱藏在文本背后的，但從《檀香刑》這部小說(shuō)開(kāi)始，我終于從后臺(tái)跳到了前臺(tái)。如果說(shuō)我早期的作品是自言自語(yǔ)，目無(wú)讀者，從這本書開(kāi)始，我感覺(jué)到自己是站在一個(gè)廣場(chǎng)上，面對(duì)著許多聽(tīng)眾，繪聲繪色地講述。這是世界小說(shuō)的傳統(tǒng)，更是中國(guó)小說(shuō)的傳統(tǒng)。我也曾積極地向西方的現(xiàn)代派小說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)，也曾經(jīng)玩弄過(guò)形形色色的敘事花樣，但我最終回歸了傳統(tǒng)。當(dāng)然，這種回歸，不是一成不變的回歸，《檀香刑》和之后的小說(shuō)，是繼承了中國(guó)古典小說(shuō)傳統(tǒng)又借鑒了西方小說(shuō)技術(shù)的混合文本。小說(shuō)領(lǐng)域的所謂創(chuàng)新，基本上都是這種混合的產(chǎn)物。不僅僅是本國(guó)文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)與外國(guó)小說(shuō)技巧的混合，也是小說(shuō)與其他的藝術(shù)門類的混合，就像《檀香刑》是與民間戲曲的混合，就像我早期的一些小說(shuō)從美術(shù)、音樂(lè)、甚至雜技中汲取了營(yíng)養(yǎng)一樣。

　　I was a modern-day storyteller who hid in the background of his early work; but with the novel Sandalwood Death I jumped out of the shadows. My early work can be characterized as a series of soliloquies, with no reader in mind; starting with this novel, however, I visualized myself standing in a public square spiritedly telling my story to a crowd of listeners. This tradition is a worldwide phenomenon in fiction, but is especially so in China. At one time, I was a diligent student of Western modernist fiction, and I experimented with all sorts of narrative styles. But in the end I came back to my traditions. To be sure, this return was not without its modifications. Sandalwood Death and the novels that followed are inheritors of the Chinese classical novel tradition but enhanced by Western literary techniques. What is known as innovative fiction is, for the most part, a result of this mixture, which is not limited to domestic traditions with foreign techniques, but can include mixing fiction with art from other realms. Sandalwood Death, for instance, mixes fiction with local opera, while some of my early work was partly nurtured by fine art, music, even acrobatics.

　　最后，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我再講一下我的《生死疲勞》。這個(gè)書名來(lái)自佛教經(jīng)典，據(jù)我所知，為翻譯這個(gè)書名，各國(guó)的翻譯家都很頭痛。我對(duì)佛教經(jīng)典并沒(méi)有深入研究，對(duì)佛教的理解自然十分膚淺，之所以以此為題，是因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得佛教的許多基本思想，是真正的宇宙意識(shí)，人世中許多紛爭(zhēng)，在佛家的眼里，是毫無(wú)意義的。這樣一種至高眼界下的人世，顯得十分可悲。當(dāng)然，我沒(méi)有把這本書寫成布道詞，我寫的還是人的命運(yùn)與人的情感，人的局限與人的寬容，以及人為追求幸福、堅(jiān)持自己的信念所做出的努力與犧牲。小說(shuō)中那位以一己之身與時(shí)代潮流對(duì)抗的藍(lán)臉，在我心目中是一位真正的英雄。這個(gè)人物的原型，是我們鄰村的一位農(nóng)民，我童年時(shí)，經(jīng)常看到他推著一輛吱吱作響的木輪車，從我家門前的道路上通過(guò)。給他拉車的，是一頭瘸腿的毛驢，為他牽驢的，是他小腳的妻子。這個(gè)奇怪的勞動(dòng)組合，在當(dāng)時(shí)的集體化社會(huì)里，顯得那么古怪和不合時(shí)宜，在我們這些孩子的眼里，也把他們看成是逆歷史潮流而動(dòng)的小丑，以至于當(dāng)他們從街上經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，我們會(huì)充滿義憤地朝他們投擲石塊。事過(guò)多年，當(dāng)我拿起筆來(lái)寫作時(shí)，這個(gè)人物，這個(gè)畫面，便浮現(xiàn)在我的腦海中。我知道，我總有一天會(huì)為他寫一本書，我遲早要把他的故事講給天下人聽(tīng)，但一直到了2005年，當(dāng)我在一座廟宇里看到“六道輪回”的壁畫時(shí)，才明白了講述這個(gè)故事的正確方法。

　　Finally, I ask your indulgence to talk about my novel Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out. The Chinese title comes from Buddhist scripture, and I’ve been told that my translators have had fits trying to render it into their languages. I am not especially well versed in Buddhist scripture and have but a superficial understanding of the religion. I chose this title because I believe that the basic tenets of the Buddhist faith represent universal knowledge, and that mankind’s many disputes are utterly without meaning in the Buddhist realm. In that lofty view of the universe, the world of man is to be pitied. My novel is not a religious tract; in it I wrote of man’s fate and human emotions, of man’s limitations and human generosity, and of people’s search for happiness and the lengths to which they will go, the sacrifices they will make, to uphold their beliefs. Lan Lian, a character who takes a stand against contemporary trends, is, in my view, a true hero. A peasant in a neighboring village was the model for this character. As a youngster I often saw him pass by our door pushing a creaky, wooden-wheeled cart, with a lame donkey up front, led by his bound-foot wife. Given the collective nature of society back then, this strange labor group presented a bizarre sight that kept them out of step with the times. In the eyes of us children, they were clowns marching against historical trends, provoking in us such indignation that we threw stones at them as they passed us on the street. Years later, after I had begun writing, that peasant and the tableau he presented floated into my mind, and I knew that one day I would write a novel about him, that sooner or later I would tell his story to the world. But it wasn’t until the year 2005, when I viewed the Buddhist mural “The Six Stages of Samsara” on a temple wall that I knew exactly how to go about telling his story.

　　我獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)后，引發(fā)了一些爭(zhēng)議。起初，我還以為大家爭(zhēng)議的對(duì)象是我，漸漸的，我感到這個(gè)被爭(zhēng)議的對(duì)象，是一個(gè)與我毫不相關(guān)的人。我如同一個(gè)看戲人，看著眾人的表演。我看到那個(gè)得獎(jiǎng)人身上落滿了花朵，也被擲上了石塊、潑上了污水。我生怕他被打垮，但他微笑著從花朵和石塊中鉆出來(lái)，擦干凈身上的臟水，坦然地站在一邊，對(duì)著眾人說(shuō)：

　　The announcement of my Nobel Prize has led to controversy. At first I thought I was the target of the disputes, but over time I’ve come to realize that the real target was a person who had nothing to do with me. Like someone watching a play in a theater, I observed the performances around me. I saw the winner of the prize both garlanded with flowers and besieged by stone-throwers and mudslingers. I was afraid he would succumb to the assault, but he emerged from the garlands of flowers and the stones, a smile on his face; he wiped away mud and grime, stood calmly off to the side, and said to the crowd:

　　對(duì)一個(gè)作家來(lái)說(shuō)，最好的說(shuō)話方式是寫作。我該說(shuō)的話都寫進(jìn)了我的作品里。用嘴說(shuō)出的話隨風(fēng)而散，用筆寫出的話永不磨滅。我希望你們能耐心地讀一下我的書，當(dāng)然，我沒(méi)有資格強(qiáng)迫你們讀我的書。即便你們讀了我的書，我也不期望你們能改變對(duì)我的看法，世界上還沒(méi)有一個(gè)作家，能讓所有的讀者都喜歡他。在當(dāng)今這樣的時(shí)代里，更是如此。

　　For a writer, the best way to speak is by writing. You will find everything I need to say in my works. Speech is carried off by the wind; the written word can never be obliterated. I would like you to find the patience to read my books. I cannot force you to do that, and even if you do, I do not expect your opinion of me to change. No writer has yet appeared, anywhere in the world, who is liked by all his readers; that is especially true during times like these.

　　盡管我什么都不想說(shuō)，但在今天這樣的場(chǎng)合我必須說(shuō)話，那我就簡(jiǎn)單地再說(shuō)幾句。

　　Even though I would prefer to say nothing, since it is something I must do on this occasion, let me just say this:

　　我是一個(gè)講故事的人，我還是要給你們講故事。

　　I am a storyteller, so I am going to tell you some stories.

　　上世紀(jì)六十年代，我上小學(xué)三年級(jí)的時(shí)候，學(xué)校里組織我們?nèi)⒂^一個(gè)苦難展覽，我們?cè)诶蠋煹囊I(lǐng)下放聲大哭。為了能讓老師看到我的表現(xiàn)，我舍不得擦去臉上的淚水。我看到有幾位同學(xué)悄悄地將唾沫抹到臉上冒充淚水。我還看到在一片真哭假哭的同學(xué)之間，有一位同學(xué)，臉上沒(méi)有一滴淚，嘴巴里沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)聲音，也沒(méi)有用手掩面。他睜著大眼看著我們，眼睛里流露出驚訝或者是困惑的神情。事后，我向老師報(bào)告了這位同學(xué)的行為。為此，學(xué)校給了這位同學(xué)一個(gè)警告處分。多年之后，當(dāng)我因自己的告密向老師懺悔時(shí)，老師說(shuō)，那天來(lái)找他說(shuō)這件事的，有十幾個(gè)同學(xué)。這位同學(xué)十幾年前就已去世，每當(dāng)想起他，我就深感歉疚。這件事讓我悟到一個(gè)道理，那就是：當(dāng)眾人都哭時(shí)，應(yīng)該允許有的人不哭。當(dāng)哭成為一種表演時(shí)，更應(yīng)該允許有的人不哭。

　　When I was a third-grade student in the 1960s, my school organized a field trip to an exhibit of suffering, where, under the direction of our teacher, we cried bitter tears. I let my tears stay on my cheeks for the benefit of our teacher, and watched as some of my classmates spat in their hands and rubbed it on their faces as pretend tears. I saw one student among all those wailing children – some real, some phony – whose face was dry and who remained silent without covering his face with his hands. He just looked at us, eyes wide open in an expression of surprise or confusion. After the visit I reported him to the teacher, and he was given a disciplinary warning. Years later, when I expressed my remorse over informing on the boy, the teacher said that at least ten students had done what I did. The boy himself had died a decade or more earlier, and my conscience was deeply troubled when I thought of him. But I learned something important from this incident, and that is: When everyone around you is crying, you deserve to be allowed not to cry, and when the tears are all for show, your right not to cry is greater still.

　　我再講一個(gè)故事：三十多年前，我還在部隊(duì)工作。有一天晚上，我在辦公室看書，有一位老長(zhǎng)官推門進(jìn)來(lái)，看了一眼我對(duì)面的位置，自言自語(yǔ)道：“噢，沒(méi)有人?”我隨即站起來(lái)，高聲說(shuō)：“難道我不是人嗎?”那位老長(zhǎng)官被我頂?shù)妹婕t耳赤，尷尬而退。為此事，我洋洋得意了許久，以為自己是個(gè)英勇的斗士，但事過(guò)多年后，我卻為此深感內(nèi)疚。

　　Here is another story: More than thirty years ago, when I was in the army, I was in my office reading one evening when an elderly officer opened the door and came in. He glanced down at the seat in front of me and muttered, “Hm, where is everyone?” I stood up and said in a loud voice, “Are you saying I’m no one?” The old fellow’s ears turned red from embarrassment, and he walked out. For a long time after that I was proud about what I consider a gutsy performance. Years later, that pride turned to intense qualms of conscience.

　　請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我講最后一個(gè)故事，這是許多年前我爺爺講給我聽(tīng)過(guò)的：有八個(gè)外出打工的泥瓦匠，為避一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨，躲進(jìn)了一座破廟。外邊的雷聲一陣緊似一陣，一個(gè)個(gè)的火球，在廟門外滾來(lái)滾去，空中似乎還有吱吱的龍叫聲。眾人都膽戰(zhàn)心驚，面如土色。有一個(gè)人說(shuō)：“我們八個(gè)人中，必定一個(gè)人干過(guò)傷天害理的壞事，誰(shuí)干過(guò)壞事，就自己走出廟接受懲罰吧，免得讓好人受到牽連。”自然沒(méi)有人愿意出去。又有人提議道：“既然大家都不想出去，那我們就將自己的草帽往外拋吧，誰(shuí)的草帽被刮出廟門，就說(shuō)明誰(shuí)干了壞事，那就請(qǐng)他出去接受懲罰。”于是大家就將自己的草帽往廟門外拋，七個(gè)人的草帽被刮回了廟內(nèi)，只有一個(gè)人的草帽被卷了出去。大家就催這個(gè)人出去受罰，他自然不愿出去，眾人便將他抬起來(lái)扔出了廟門。故事的結(jié)局我估計(jì)大家都猜到了那個(gè)人剛被扔出廟門，那座破廟轟然坍塌。

　　Bear with me, please, for one last story, one my grandfather told me many years ago: A group of eight out-of-town bricklayers took refuge from a storm in a rundown temple. Thunder rumbled outside, sending fireballs their way. They even heard what sounded like dragon shrieks. The men were terrified, their faces ashen. “Among the eight of us,” one of them said, “is someone who must have offended the heavens with a terrible deed. The guilty person ought to volunteer to step outside to accept his punishment and spare the innocent from suffering. Naturally, there were no volunteers. So one of the others came up with a proposal: Since no one is willing to go outside, let’s all fling our straw hats toward the door. Whoever’s hat flies out through the temple door is the guilty party, and we’ll ask him to go out and accept his punishment.” So they flung their hats toward the door. Seven hats were blown back inside; one went out the door. They pressured the eighth man to go out and accept his punishment, and when he balked, they picked him up and flung him out the door. I’ll bet you all know how the story ends: They had no sooner flung him out the door than the temple collapsed around them.

　　我是一個(gè)講故事的人。

　　I am a storyteller.

　　因?yàn)橹v故事我獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

　　Telling stories earned me the Nobel Prize for Literature.

　　我獲獎(jiǎng)后發(fā)生了很多精彩的故事，這些故事，讓我堅(jiān)信真理和正義是存在的。

　　Many interesting things have happened to me in the wake of winning the prize, and they have convinced me that truth and justice are alive and well.

　　今后的歲月里，我將繼續(xù)講我的故事。

　　So I will continue telling my stories in the days to come.

　　謝謝大家!

　　Thank you all.

 

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