2022留學(xué)德國慕尼黑大學(xué)申請書
德國人以嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)聞名于世，也正是因為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，才使得他們在工業(yè)制造上精益求精，進而確立了其工業(yè)強國的霸主地位，擁有了像大眾、奔馳、寶馬、漢高、西門子等一大批赫赫有名的跨國企業(yè)。這里給大家分享一些留學(xué)德國慕尼黑大學(xué)申請書，歡迎閱讀!
留學(xué)德國慕尼黑大學(xué)申請書
Dear _,
President [Name], Faculty, Parents, Classmates, and Guests, I am honored to stand here today as your valedictorian. The path that led me to this podium required hard work, determination, courage, and motivation. These are qualities that I also admire in my classmates, and I am proud to be a part of this class and this college. Today, we look to our horizons and see the future stretched out before us. This should also be a day when we remember and pay tribute to our pasts.
The path that led me here took an important turn one seemingly ordinary day in high school. I sat in class as my 10th grade history teacher continued our unit on World War II. On this day, he split the class into small groups and told us that we would be taking the perspective of the various countries that were involved in World War II in a debate. As he distributed the names of countries, each group hoped to open its paper and see America?written in bold letters. When our group received the folded slip, we opened it and read it with dismay: Japan. Thinking we were sure to lose the debate, we settled down to prepare our explanation for attacking Pearl Harbor. After a few minutes, I realized that I was coming up with logical reasons for this attack, and was shocked that it was possible to think this way. I found myself able to understand an action that I had believed impossible to justify. Though I still believed that the attack was wrong, I understood that there was another side to the issue, and that there was a reason behind the actions of this side.
From this experience arose a desire to enter the field of foreign policy. I wanted to develop and use my ability to understand the logic of other nations?choices and, by doing so, to help our country relate to those nations. I decided to study the philosophies behind international politics and to develop my own theories in that area. Eager to start on this career path, I joined the student government to experience the workings of politics on a small scale. While I served as class representative my junior year, and the school vice president my senior year, I succeeded in resolving issues through my ability to take another's perspective.
My experience in student government fueled my desire to study politics. I opted to take Advanced Placement European History my senior year, and learned to analyze the past as a way of predicting outcomes in the future. As I prepared for college, I sought a program that would allow me to work with some of the best professors in the field and that would offer opportunities to work in government offices, become involved with student government, and join campus political groups. I chose [name of college].
At [Name of college], I excelled in my courses, driven by my passion for political theory and policy. I became involved in the student government, and was proud to represent my school as the student council president. Working with my one of my professors over the summer, I co-authored and published an article on the foreign policy changes in post-World War II Japan. Through our gracious alumni, I was given the chance to work as an intern on Capitol Hill, where my knowledge of foreign policy was supplement by hands-on experience.
Standing here today, I am thankful for all the opportunities, support, and knowledge that allowed me to travel this path. I look forward to my career and to success in my chosen field as I continue to travel. Looking back, I know that I possess the qualities of determination, strength and understanding. These qualities, in combination with my experiences, will allow me to bring positive change to the world through my work. I encourage you, my classmates, to look back with pride upon the path that has led you here, and to use your individual strengths and experiences to better the world that has offered us so many opportunities.
In China these days, university graduates who have not been lucky enough to settle into their dream jobs often look to graduated studies as a way to kill the time that they cannot otherwise spend meaningfully. I am prepared to go against the social conventions by putting on hold a successful research career that promised to be even more successful. With eight years of productive and highly valued practical research behind me, I now would like to revert to a more intellectual life so that I can conduct more theoretical discourses.
Quite some of my friends have trouble understanding my decision."Why did you not take the opportunity eight years ago," they would ask, " when your alma mater offered to admit you as a graduate student without any hassle?" Indeed, I declined to become a graduate student in 1991, when Q university arguably China's best higher-learning institution, made it clear to me that I would be exempted from the normally mandatory qualifying examinations in case I wanted to do graduate studies there. To many of my friends, I should have taken advantage of that opportunity if I had really wanted to become an intellectual.
Well, I have always wanted to be an intellectual. But I thought that a good intellectual has to ground his or her theoretical discourses n comprehensive knowledge of the social reality. And that is what I have been trying to do since high school.
In 1985, I took part in the National University Entrance Examination, which are held once a year nationwide to screen the country's high school graduates for post-secondary education, and scored a total of grades that was the second best in Henan Province (with a population close to 100 million). With such an academic record, I could have chosen a more fashionable or potentially profitable major such as law or business administration. Instead I opted for biological engineering and entered into the Qinghua's Department of Biological Engineering with a total of grades in the National University Entrance Examinations better than that of any of my fellow students. In 1989, I graduated with an academic record that was, in overall terms, the second best in the crop of graduates of that year.
Upon graduation, I secured a job with the Shenzhen Social Science Academy, which serves, as the municipal government's most resourceful and most important think-tank. As you may very well know, Shenzhen borders Hong Kong, the "Pearl of the Orient." As China's first and most successful"special economic zone," it has pioneered many, if not most, of China's far-reaching economic reforms, and in the process it has grown from a village of several thousand to an ultra-modern city of several million people, all in 16 years. The Academy is charged with coming up with new policy proposals or conducting feasibility studies on various policy proposals. In either case, the Academy must analyze and predict the effect or consequences of the policy implementation, and the city's politicians would make their decisions in reference to or even reliance on the Office's research reports.
Since I was trained in Biology, I was at first assigned to do data recording and other statistical work on medical care related topics. But, within two years, I began to do research independently. Starting from the third year, I have been in charge of a group of 12 in various research projects. In 1994, I directed a major study on the municipal government's proposed reform of the city's medical care system, and, on the basis of the research results, came up with some specific suggestions in terms of what reforms should be undertaken and how they should be carried out. The study was a resounding success.
At the time, many of my colleagues, my supervisor included thought that the study was related to the reform of the medical care system in Shenzhen only. I respectfully disagreed. Shenzhen, I argued, would probably serve as an example in the medical care reform area, as it often does in many other areas. In fact, the country's top leadership opened the city up as their first"special economic zone" with the specific purpose of making it a trail-blazer in the country's reform process. I f Shenzhen was to fulfill its mission, it had to come up with policies that would be applicable to other parts of the country as well.
Having convinced my supervisor of the merits of my thinking, I designed a research plan that involved the combined use of three research methods: sample survey, case study and participatory research. The country was divided into several major parts, and for each part, a given number of representative cities were chosen, to which my investigators were sent. The subjects of the investigation included ordinary city residents, government officials, medical providers and insurance companies, who were all asked about their feelings and expectations about the medical care reform. We also took Hong Kong's medical care system into consideration, as Hong Kong, with its striking resemblance to Shenzhen in terms of its culture and values provides an obvious reference point for Shenzhen's policy deliberations.
On the basis of all the data gathered, I made the following proposals to address the problems that beset the city's medical system at the time:
Revoke the traditional system that mandated the employer's full reimbursement of all of any employee's total medical cost, replacing it with a new system in which the employer is required to pay 90 per cent and the employee 10 per cent of the cost of any ordinary medical care. In this system, the employees would be issued special magnetic medicare card that could only be used in designated hospitals.
The insurance companies would simultaneously be required to offer new types of insurance policies to cover extraordinary cost associated with grave illnesses, and it would be up to the reidents to pay the insurance premiums themselves.
The scheme, meant to rein in the excessive medical cost for employers without putting too much of a burden on employees, was first put into trial of ten of Shenzhen's large stateowned enterprises. Half a year later, it was enforced throughout the city. Soon, positive assessments of the scheme flowed in from private corporations and public institutions alike. It significantly reduced the excessive medical cost, and most of the money saved was spent on fitness and recreation programs that employees generally enjoyed. Both employers and employees thus benefited from the scheme. The scheme also had the added advantage of stabilizing the prices of medication at a reasonable level.
From 1995 on, most of the large and medium cities begun to imitate Shenzhen's medicare reforms with positive results. The scheme has thus had nationwide impact.
Public policy as a social science is a comparatively new discipline in China, and it is still weak in both theoretical frameworks and practical research methodologies. The use of sophisticated research as a basis for policy decisions is still a new phenomenon. There are not many students and scholars in this area, and even fewer can claim genuine expertise. In fact, most people tend to ignore public policy research, thinking that it does not have the kind of utility as computer science nor the kind of sophistication as philosophy. It is a state of affairs to lament about, and I consider it my mission to change it.
My work experience has taught me on where I am still inadequately prepared for the mission that I have taken on, in terms of both conceptual and practical training. I have come to a point where I feel a pressing need for more advanced education in public administration and policy research. Yet, very few of China's universities boast of public policy research programs. I am hoping that, one day in this country, policy research and implementation knowledge would no longer be confined to the trained few, and policy decisions will normally be based on rigorous research . I am quite aware that it may take the efforts of several generations for such a new discipline to take roots in a country as old and as fast-changing as China, and I would like to devote my life to helping this new discipline grow in this country.
I do not really have a whole lot of hobbies. Apart from reading books and listening to my friends relate their experiences, I enjoy traveling on my own. While I always emphasize the importance of teamwork in the office, I like traveling on my own so that it is easier for me to seek a personal connection with nature. As I savor nature's grandeur and my own seclusion in it, the natural world often endows me with new vision and fresh insights.
I have also experienced quite some failures and setbacks in my life, but I have never given up my goal before I reached it. Whenever bogged down in quagmires, I would push myself by saying, "just toughen it out, and you will be there. Tomorrow will be better if only you try a little harder."
I would really appreciated your serous deliberation over my application, as I have pondered very seriously before I made up my mind to send in this application. I am sure that, if I can be lucky enough to study under your seasoned guidance and with the necessary financial assistance, you will be training one of the best Chinese policy researchers in China of the 21st century.
For the successes I have achieved so far, I have enjoyed the kind help and support from many people. My further successes are now dependent on your support and appreciation, and I hope you will be generous in offering both after you have reviewed my application. I shall be looking forward to your early reply. Thank you.
Yours sincerely,
xuexila
留學(xué)德國慕尼黑大學(xué)研究生費用和申請條件
一、德國慕尼黑大學(xué)研究生費用
學(xué)費：500 EUR/學(xué)期。
大學(xué)注冊費：(含學(xué)生票)：92 EUR/學(xué)期。
大學(xué)注冊費：150歐元/年。
在德國上大學(xué)是免費的，但是注冊費是必須交的，注冊完學(xué)校會發(fā)給留學(xué)生免費的月票卡，這里面涵蓋交通費;
書本費：600歐元/年。
由于德國的原版書非常貴，所以大多數(shù)學(xué)生都會去復(fù)印圖書或者去圖書館看書;
慕尼黑每月生活費用
校外住宿(Rooms in private housing including utilities)：?350–?600。
校內(nèi)住宿(Rooms in university housing)：?300或?370(帶家具)。
醫(yī)療保險(Health insurance)：?80。
食宿(Meals)：?200–?250。
移動手機費(Mobile phone)： ?15–?30。
公共交通費(Public transportation)：?33。
德國的話，一般是不需要遞交學(xué)費的，對國際學(xué)生來說，有一部分費用在暑期項目和部分英語授課型項目。此外，學(xué)生還需遞交學(xué)生服務(wù)費?117，該費用一年只需要交一次。
算下來，慕尼黑大學(xué)的每月生活費大概就是978-1363歐元，一月生活費大概是7000-10000人民幣，一年不過8萬-12萬人民幣。這就是德國留學(xué)費用的大概情況。
二、慕尼黑大學(xué)申請條件
本科申請條件
中小學(xué)共十二年的學(xué)生：
小學(xué)至高中學(xué)習(xí)十二年，并通過高考的中國申請人有如下進入德國大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的機會：
1. 直接入學(xué)：
重點大學(xué)(國家211工程院校)四年制本科或五年制本科，至少修滿一個學(xué)期;
國家承認(rèn)的普通大學(xué)四年制本科或五年制本科，至少修滿三個學(xué)期。
2. 通過預(yù)科入學(xué)：完成預(yù)科課程并通過預(yù)科的結(jié)業(yè)考試即“大學(xué)入學(xué)資格鑒定考試”(Feststellungsprüfung)取得德國大學(xué)入學(xué)資格，要求：
國家承認(rèn)的普通大學(xué)四年制本科或五年制本科，修滿一個或兩個學(xué)期;
三年制高等專科學(xué)校(即“大?！?畢業(yè)后。
通過預(yù)科入學(xué)：完成一年的預(yù)科課程并通過預(yù)科的結(jié)業(yè)考試即“大學(xué)入學(xué)資格鑒定考試”(Feststellungsprüfung)取得德國大學(xué)入學(xué)資格，要求：
重點大學(xué)(國家211工程院校)四年制本科或五年制本科，未修滿三個學(xué)期;
國家承認(rèn)的普通大學(xué)四年制本科或五年制本科，未修滿五個學(xué)期。
所有滿足學(xué)歷要求者通常都要通過德國使館文化處留德人員審核部(APS)的審核才可以向德國大學(xué)遞交申請。
慕尼黑大學(xué)對語言要求較高
慕尼黑大學(xué)要求學(xué)生提供C1語言證明才能獲得DSH考試的資格，考得DSH的成績，才有可能獲得慕尼黑大學(xué)的OFFER。
慕尼黑大學(xué)碩士申請條件
1.相關(guān)專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)，學(xué)士學(xué)位。
2.具有良好的與所報讀專業(yè)相關(guān)的知識和能力。本科平均分正常在75+。
3.語言考試DSH或德福，英語授課雅思或托福成績。
三、慕尼黑大學(xué)專業(yè)設(shè)置
高分子材料科，農(nóng)學(xué)，建筑學(xué)，土木工程學(xué)，土木材料及維修學(xué)，生物化學(xué)，生物信息學(xué)，生物學(xué)，釀造與飲料技術(shù)，工商管理學(xué)(MBA)，化學(xué)，化學(xué)工程學(xué)，優(yōu)化設(shè)計學(xué)，交流與決策學(xué)(MBA)，計算機機械學(xué)，計算科學(xué)與工程，計算力學(xué)，消費研究學(xué)，電子與信息科學(xué)，能源與過程科學(xué)，工程物理學(xué)，發(fā)展與設(shè)計學(xué)，營養(yǎng)學(xué)，地球空間科學(xué)，汽車與發(fā)動機科學(xué)，金融與信息管理學(xué)，林木科學(xué)，林業(yè)資源管理，園藝學(xué)，土地測量與地理信息學(xué)，地理科學(xué)，工業(yè)化學(xué)，計算機科學(xué)，通訊技術(shù)學(xué)，工程水利學(xué)，綜合元件設(shè)計，科學(xué) 運輸系統(tǒng)，核技術(shù)，土地管理學(xué)，土地利用學(xué)，景觀設(shè)計與景觀規(guī)劃學(xué)，食品化學(xué)，航空航天科學(xué)，機械制造與管理，機械工程學(xué)，生物技術(shù)數(shù)學(xué)，數(shù)學(xué)，機械電子與信息技術(shù)，醫(yī)學(xué)，醫(yī)藥技術(shù)學(xué)，微波工程學(xué)，分子生物技術(shù)，原子技術(shù)，生態(tài)學(xué)，物理學(xué)，生產(chǎn)與物流學(xué)，修葺與保存技術(shù)，體育教育，體育科學(xué)，可續(xù)資源管理學(xué)，食品工程學(xué)，企業(yè)管理學(xué)，應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)，交通系統(tǒng)學(xué)，環(huán)境工程學(xué)，環(huán)境規(guī)劃與生態(tài)工程學(xué)，經(jīng)濟計算機學(xué)。
德國留學(xué)福利一覽表
一、學(xué)習(xí)免費
僅針對在公立院校中就讀的學(xué)生，政府會負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)校教學(xué)的開銷，是完全的福利性教學(xué)，留學(xué)生在這里就讀也是不需要繳費的，這樣大家可以節(jié)省一半的留學(xué)支出，畢竟私立大學(xué)收費是正常的。
不過大家還是需要交納一筆注冊的費用的，需要確認(rèn)自己的學(xué)生身份，這筆注冊費會包含大家一學(xué)年內(nèi)的出行學(xué)期票，可以享受免費出行的福利，是非常劃算的。
二、醫(yī)療免費
學(xué)校會要求學(xué)生購買醫(yī)療的保險，大家可以在學(xué)校內(nèi)的相關(guān)部門確認(rèn)自己要購買的項目，確認(rèn)之后每月進行按時的繳費，這樣大家就可以享受國民的醫(yī)療福利，減少生病的支出。
建議大家選擇比較大的保險公司，公立的會更有保障，例如AOK，TK，DAK，費用一個月系需要300-600元，大家看病買藥基本上可以免費，能夠進行很高比例的報銷。
三、交通免費
不管學(xué)生就讀的學(xué)校是公立還是私立，都需要交一筆學(xué)生身份的注冊費，這筆費用除了是大家入學(xué)的證明，還會發(fā)放學(xué)生出行一定區(qū)域內(nèi)的交通卡，即大家公共出行不需要花錢。
需要大家繳費之后去相關(guān)部門辦理學(xué)期票，和公交卡差不多，基本上可以保證大家在學(xué)校所在的區(qū)域內(nèi)的免費出行，這是學(xué)生專屬的福利，大家一定要自行辦理才能夠享受。
四、打工免稅
在德國讀書，留學(xué)生可以進行兼職的工作，而工作就需要繳納稅費，學(xué)生作為特殊群體，需要完成繳稅的流程，但是每年可以統(tǒng)一辦理退稅，只需要出示合格完整的證明就可以了。
所以大家必須要辦理本人的稅卡，并且求職要通過正規(guī)渠道，進入到正式的工作需要簽合同，然后在指定的時間內(nèi)，帶上材料去相關(guān)部門提交退稅的申請，當(dāng)然只有達(dá)到繳稅額度交了稅才會有稅可以退。
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2022留學(xué)德國慕尼黑大學(xué)申請書
