2019中考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
2019中考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
英語(yǔ)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義，表示 語(yǔ)氣的單詞，下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)?lái)了2019中考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)，歡迎閱讀!
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法小結(jié)
(一)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may(可能)，might / could(也許，或許)。
(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question?
他一定/可能/也許知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。
(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
屋里很冷，他們肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
這不可能是校長(zhǎng)，他去美國(guó)了。
(2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也許不認(rèn)識(shí)那位科學(xué)家。
3.疑問(wèn)句中用can/could (能……?)。
(1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎?
(2)Can he be at home now? 他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎?
注：以上三種句式中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could并非may, can的過(guò)去式，而表示語(yǔ)氣較為委婉或可能性較小。
(二)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種時(shí)態(tài)
1.對(duì)將來(lái)情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。
(2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也許會(huì)在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個(gè)人。
2.對(duì)現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be”，“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be doing”或“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。
(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能/也許正在聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。
(2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
這個(gè)時(shí)候他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?
布什先生一向準(zhǔn)時(shí)，這次開(kāi)幕式他怎么可能遲到呢?
3.對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have +過(guò)去分詞”。
(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
地濕了，昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。
(2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
門鎖著，他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Can / Could he have gotten the book?
難道他找到書(shū)了嗎?
注：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should /ought to表推測(cè)時(shí)，意為“想必會(huì)，理應(yīng)……”但與“have +過(guò)去分詞”連用時(shí)，則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣意為“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒(méi)做”。例如：
(4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
現(xiàn)在七點(diǎn)鐘了，杰克理應(yīng)隨時(shí)到達(dá)。(推測(cè))
(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虛擬) 她本該出席你的生日晚會(huì)的，可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。
(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虛擬) 湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密，可是他并無(wú)惡意。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞重點(diǎn)疑難
1.need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用于各種句式。
1.用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要來(lái)嗎? --需要。
You needn´t telephone him now. 你現(xiàn)在不必打電話給他。
I don´t think you need worry. 我想你不必發(fā)愁。
She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一個(gè)人出去。
How dare you say I´m unfair? 你竟敢說(shuō)我不公平?
Not one of them dared mention this. 他們誰(shuí)也不敢提這件事。
2.用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
You don´t need to do it yourself. 你不必親自做這件事。
We need to tell them the news. 我們需要把這消息告訴他們。
We should dare to give our own opinion. 我們要敢于提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬頭看。
I dare say he´ll come again. 我想他會(huì)再來(lái)的。 (cI dare say…為固定習(xí)語(yǔ))
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞幾組詞的辨異
1. can 和be able to
1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can只有兩種時(shí)態(tài)形式，現(xiàn)在式can和過(guò)去式could，而be able to有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式。
Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.
瑪麗會(huì)彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會(huì)彈了。
2)用在過(guò)去時(shí)中，could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事，事實(shí)上不一定去做，而was∕were able to則表示“過(guò)去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。
He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn´t feel like it that day.
他能游過(guò)英吉利海峽，但那天他不想游。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。
2. must和 have to
must表示主觀意志，而have to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒(méi)有過(guò)去式，除在間接引語(yǔ)中可用于表示過(guò)去時(shí)間，在直接引語(yǔ)中表示過(guò)去時(shí)間應(yīng)該用had to代替。
I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必須戒煙。
We had to get everything ready that night. 我們那晚得把一切準(zhǔn)備就緒。
3. would和used to
1)used to表示過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去某時(shí)與后來(lái)的情況有不同，而would只表過(guò)去的情況。People used to think that the earth was flat.
過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為地球是平的。(現(xiàn)在人們不這么認(rèn)為。)
She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.
在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)，她總是在早晨去散會(huì)兒步。(可能現(xiàn)在仍有散步的習(xí)慣。)
2)used to可表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作和經(jīng)常的情況，而would只表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。
He used to ∕would smoke while writing. 過(guò)去他寫東西時(shí)常抽煙。
She used to be fat. 她過(guò)去很胖
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