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初一英語上冊期末復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)匯總(2)

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初一英語上冊期末復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)匯總

  Unit4 Hobbies

  1、all的部分否定和全否定:

  肯定句:All the stars are the same. 所有的星星都是一樣的。

  部分否定:Not all the stars are the same. = All stars are not the same.

  全否定句:None of the stars are the same. (none /n∧n/ 所有都不)

  2、It’s+ adj. + to do sth. 做什么事情是怎樣的。

  It是形式主語,真正的主語是to do sth.

  E.g.It’s important to learn English well. = To learn English well is important. =Learning English well is important.

  3、aswell as連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞用“就遠(yuǎn)原則”,也就是跟最前邊的主語保持一致。

  E.g.The teacher as well as the students wants to see the film.

  4、when從句可放在主句前或后,當(dāng)位于主句之前時,句中要用逗號隔開。

  5、when時間狀語從句中,主句與從句的時態(tài)要一致。

  6、區(qū)別except/besides和except for:

  except:指“(不包括本身在內(nèi)的)除……之外”,“-”

  E.g.He gets up early every day except Sunday.

  besides:指“(包括本身在內(nèi)的)除……之外”,“+”

  E.g.Five others were late besides me.

  exceptfor:指前后比較范圍是不同類型的

  E.g.Except for one old man, the bus was empty.

  Unit5 Encyclopaedias

  1、當(dāng)neither…nor…連接兩個主語時,主謂一致采用“就近原則”,即跟后邊的那個主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。

  E.g.Neither you nor she is wrong. Neither shenor you are wrong.

  2、anumber of“許多的;大量的”,=many,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  E.g.A number of students are playing on the playground.

  3、Countable& Uncountable Noun 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞:

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

this 這個

these 這些

遠(yuǎn)

that 那個

those 那些

  ●修飾可數(shù)名詞:不定冠詞(a, an),數(shù)詞many, (a)few, several, a number of

  修飾不可數(shù)名詞:much, (a)little, a great deal of

  共同的:some, all, a lot of, lots of

  ●可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法:

  (1)一般在名詞后加-s:dog→dogs

  (2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的名詞加-es:watch→watches

  (3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞改y為i再加es:country→countries

  (4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,加-s或-es:potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes

  (5)以f, fe結(jié)尾的名詞,改f, fe為v加-es:knife→knives

  (6)需要記憶的特殊復(fù)數(shù)形式

  復(fù)合詞的復(fù)數(shù):改中心詞為復(fù)數(shù) girl student→girl students

  一張紙 a piece of paper, 一條建議 a piece of advice, 一條新聞 a piece of news,

  一支粉筆 a piece of chalk, 一瓶墨水 a bottle of ink, 一碗米飯 a bowl of rice,

  一杯啤酒 a glass of beer, 一公斤鹽 a kilo of salt

  易錯知識點(diǎn)歸類例析

  [第一類] 名詞類

  1.這些女老師們在干什么?

  [誤] What are the woman teachers doing?

  [正] What are the women teachers doing?

  [析] 在英語中,當(dāng)一名詞作定語修飾另一名詞(單或復(fù)數(shù)形式)時,作定語的名詞一般要用其單數(shù)形式;但當(dāng)man,woman作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時,要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式men,women.

  2.房間里有多少人?

  [誤] How many peoples are there in the room?

  [正] How many people are there in the room?

  [析] people作“人、人們”解時,是個集合名詞,其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。

  3.我想為我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。

  [誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.

  [正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.

  [析] 表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時,常用“a / an或數(shù)詞+表量的可數(shù)名詞+ of + 不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu),其中當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時,表量的可數(shù)名詞要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  [第二類] 動詞類

  4.你妹妹通常什么時候去上學(xué)?

  [誤] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

  [正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

  [析] 借助助動詞do(或does)構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句時,句中的謂語動詞用其原形。

  5.琳達(dá)晚上經(jīng)常做作業(yè),但今晚她在看電視。

  [誤] Linda often do her homework in the evening,but this evening she watching TV.

  [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening,but this evening she is watching TV.

  [析] 在初一英語學(xué)習(xí)階段,我們接觸到了兩種主要時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作,常和often,usually,sometimes等時間狀語連用。在一般現(xiàn)在時的句子中,若主語是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動詞要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由be(am / is / are)+ving形式構(gòu)成。

  6這雙鞋是紅色的。

  [誤] This pair of shoes are red.

  [正] This pair of shoes is red.

  [析] 在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成雙成對的衣物或工具名詞前用pair(表計(jì)量)修飾時,謂語動詞的形式由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定。

  [第三類] 代詞類

  7.這張票是她的,不是我的。

  [誤] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.

  [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.

  [析] 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞之后一定要接名詞,而名詞性物主代詞之后不需接任何詞。

  8.吳老師教我們英語。

  [誤] Miss Wu teaches our English.

  [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.

  [析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的賓語,因此當(dāng)sb.為人稱代詞時要用其賓格形式。

  [第四類] 介詞類

  9.你能找到這個問題的答案嗎?

  [誤] Can you find the answer of this question?

  [正] Can you find the answer to this question?

  [析] 英語中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有thekey to the door,the way to the zoo等。

  10.格林先生星期六上午來這里。

  [誤] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.

  [正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.

  [析] 表示在上午、下午等時,介詞要用in;而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時,介詞要用on.

  11.那個穿著紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。

  [誤] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [析] 用介詞表示“穿戴衣物”時,只能用in,其他介詞沒有此用法。

  [第五類] 副詞類

  12.莉莉,你為什么不回家呢?

  [誤] Lily,why don’t you go to home?

  [正] Lily,why don’t you go home?

  [析] come,go 等后接here,there,home等地點(diǎn)副詞時,地點(diǎn)副詞前不加to。

  [第六類] 連詞類

  13.我喜歡語文和英語,但我不喜歡體育和歷史。

  [誤] I like Chinese and English,but I don’tlike P.E.and history.

  [正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’tlike P.E.or history.

  [析] 在肯定句中并列成分之間用and來連接;而在否定句中,并列成分之間的連接需用or。

  [第七類] 冠詞類

  14.乘飛機(jī)去北京花了史密斯一家人一個小時。

  [誤] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.

  [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.

  [析] 1.表示“……一家人”用結(jié)構(gòu)“the + 姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”;

  2.our 一詞的第一個字母不發(fā)音,它是以元音音素開頭的,所以“一小時”要用an hour;

  3.用介詞by表示“乘坐”某種交通工具時,交通工具名詞前不加任何冠詞。

  [第八類] 句法類

  15. ――你不是學(xué)生嗎? ――不,我是學(xué)生。

  [誤] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No,I am.

  [正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes,I am.

  [析] 對否定疑問句的回答是用Yes還是用No,這取決于實(shí)際情況:如果事實(shí)是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事實(shí)是否定的,就用No表“是的”。

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