英語八大時(shí)態(tài)的思維導(dǎo)圖
思維導(dǎo)圖是英國著名心理學(xué)家托尼·巴贊在20世紀(jì)60年代創(chuàng)立的，是新興的腦科學(xué)，剛開始只是作為一種新的筆記方法，后來逐漸發(fā)展成為一種思維工具和學(xué)習(xí)方法。下面小編整理了英語八大時(shí)態(tài)的思維導(dǎo)圖,希望大家喜歡!
英語八大時(shí)態(tài)的思維導(dǎo)圖1
英語八大時(shí)態(tài)的思維導(dǎo)圖2
英語八大時(shí)態(tài)的思維導(dǎo)圖3
英語的八大時(shí)態(tài)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1) 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。
例： every…, sometimes,ofen,always,usually, twice a week, at…, on Sunday等。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
He watches Tv once a week .
2) 表示普遍真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east ofChina.
3) 格言或警句。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái) ?/p>
注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、個(gè)性或愛好。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.
第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
2、一般過去時(shí)的用法
1)在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982，yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…)，last night (week, month, year…), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago… just now,等。
Where did you go just now?
2)表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3)句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時(shí)間了" "該……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "時(shí)間已遲了" "早該……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。
I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
注意：一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含義：她已不在人間。)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1) 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
2)表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3)瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)一定表示將來的含義。
瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,finish,end,start,begin等。
We are arriving at London.
持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)需要加表示將來的時(shí)間狀語或有將來的語境時(shí)才能表將來。
I am travelling next month.
4)與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
4、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。
例如：(just)then 那時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí);at this/that time 在這/那時(shí) yesterday afternoon昨天下午;at nine 在九點(diǎn);last night 昨晚;(at)this time yesterday在昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候
但在不少情況下，沒有表示時(shí)間的狀語，這時(shí)需要通過上下文來表示。
What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，你在做什么?
I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看電視。
They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他們在踢足球。
2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
常與those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等時(shí)間狀語連用。
From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。
They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。
3)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來的動(dòng)作，同樣，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用在間接引語中。
Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning.上周五Lucy到達(dá)北京，但第二天早晨就要?jiǎng)由砣ハ愀哿恕?/p>
She asked him if he was coming back for lunch. 她問他午飯是否準(zhǔn)備回來吃。
4)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞always forever， continually， constantly等連用時(shí)表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚(yáng)或喜愛等情緒。
My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨)
He was always helping others. (表示贊揚(yáng))
5、一般將來時(shí)
1)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)?；蛑貜?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ……
2)will do
表示主觀意愿做某事。
I will see a movie this morning.
表示客觀的不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀將來。
Fish will die without water.
表示臨時(shí)決定。
——Mom, where is the newspaper?
——Wait a moment. I will get it for you.
3) be going to +do
表示計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
表示有跡象要發(fā)生的事
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.
6、過去將來時(shí)
立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
時(shí)間狀語：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
He said he would go to Beijing the
I didn't know if she was going to come。
Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。
7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, just, ever, never, before
I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過去某時(shí)開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成。)
2)表示：過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。
標(biāo)志詞：for, since, since…ago
I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。
(六年前開始學(xué)英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。)
3) have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別
have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來
have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了
have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用
如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過沈陽。
He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽10年了。
Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎?
4)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語”的句型中。
這類動(dòng)詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。
但能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞。
arrive, come → be here,
die → be dead
finish, end → be over
go out → be out
join → be in
borrow→keep
finish/end →be over
close →be closed
leave, move → be away
fall asleep → be asleep
8、過去完成時(shí)
1)以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
2)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
3)過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
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