路由器的一般配置和簡單調(diào)試(3)
外型尺寸的選擇
如果網(wǎng)絡已完成樓宇級的綜合布線，工程要求網(wǎng)絡設備上機式集中管理，應選擇19英寸寬的機架式路由器，如Cisco2509、華為2501(配置同Cisco2501)。如果沒有上述需求，桌面型的路由器如Intel的8100和Cisco的1600系列，具有更高的性能價格比。
協(xié)議的選擇
由于最初局域網(wǎng)并沒先出標準后出產(chǎn)品，所以很多廠商如Apple和IBM都提出了自己的標準，產(chǎn)生了如AppleTalk和IBM協(xié)議，Novell公司的網(wǎng)絡操作系統(tǒng)運行IPX/SPX協(xié)議，在連接這些異構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡時需要路由器對這些協(xié)議提供支持。Intel9100系列和9200系列的路由器可提供免費支持，3Com的系列路由產(chǎn)品也提供較廣泛的協(xié)議支持。
路由器作為網(wǎng)絡設備中的“黑匣子”，工作在后臺。用戶選擇路由器時，多從技術角度來考慮，如可延展性、路由協(xié)議互操作性、廣域數(shù)據(jù)服務支持、內(nèi)部ATM支持、SAN集成能力等。另外，選擇路由器還應遵循如下基本原則：即標準化原則、技術簡單性原則、環(huán)境適應性原則、可管理性原則和容錯冗余性原則。對于高端路由器，更多的還應該考慮是否和如何適應骨干網(wǎng)對網(wǎng)絡高可靠性、接口高擴展性以及路由查找和數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的高性能要求。高可靠性、高擴展性和高性能的“三高”特性是高端路由器區(qū)別于中、低端路由器的關鍵所在。
CISCO路由器初始配置簡介
很多初學路由器知識的網(wǎng)友對路由器的初始配置可能感到很陌生,本人在初學時也很困惑,因為一下出來很多提問不知如何是好,下面將最近剛調(diào)試的一臺CISCO3640的初始配置整理出來與各位網(wǎng)友交流,如有疏漏之處,還請大家指正。
1.用CISCO隨機帶CONSOLE線,一端連在CISCO路由器的CONSOLE口,一端連在計算機的COM口。
2.打開電腦,啟動超級終端.為您的連接取個名字,比如CISCO_SETUP,下一步選定連接時用COM1,下一步選定第秒位數(shù)9600,數(shù)據(jù)位8,奇偶校驗無,停止位1,數(shù)據(jù)流控制無.最后選確定。
3.打開路由器電源,這時超級終端將出現(xiàn)以下畫面:
System Bootstrap, Version 11.1(20)AA2, EARLY DEPLOYMENT RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.C3600 processor with 32768 Kbytes of main memory Main memory is configured to 64 bit mode with parity disabled
program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x4ed478 Self decompressing the image :
[OK]
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 3600 Software (C3640-I-M), Version 12.1(2)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 16-May-00 12:26 by ccai
Image text-base: 0x600088F0, data-base: 0x60924000
cisco 3640 (R4700) processor (revision 0x00) with 24576K/8192K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 25125768
R4700 CPU at 100Mhz, Implementation 33, Rev 1.0
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
2 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
1 Serial network interface(s)
DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity disabled.
125K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: y
您是否進入初始化配置對話,選Y
At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.Basic management setup configures only enough connectivity
for management of the system, extended setup will ask you
to configure each interface on the system
Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: n
您是否進入基本配置安裝,選N
First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]: y
首先,您是否看一下當前端口狀態(tài)
Any interface listed with OK? value "NO" does not have a valid configuration
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0unassigned NO unset up down
Serial0/0 unassigned NO unset down down
FastEthernet0/1unassigned NO unset up down
Configuring global parameters:
Enter host name [Router]:RouterA
輸入路由器的名字
The enable secret is a password used to protect access to
privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after
entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration.
Enter enable secret: aaa
輸入密文
The enable password is used when you do not specify an
enable secret password, with some older software versions, and
some boot images.
Enter enable password: bbb
輸入密碼(不能和密文相同)
The virtual terminal password is used to protect
access to the router over a network interface.
Enter virtual terminal password: ccc
輸入虛擬終端的密碼(以備遠程登錄)
Configure SNMP Network Management? [yes]: n
配置簡單網(wǎng)管嗎?選N
Configure IP? [yes]: y
配置IP嗎?選Y
Configure IGRP routing? [yes]: n
配置IGRP路由選擇協(xié)議嗎?選N
Configure RIP routing? [no]:
配置IGRP路由選擇協(xié)議嗎?選N
Configure bridging? [no]:
配置橋接嗎?選N
Async lines accept incoming modems calls. If you will have
users dialing in via modems, configure these lines.
Configure Async lines? [yes]: n
配置異步線路嗎?選N
Configuring interface parameters:
Do you want to configure FastEthernet0/0 interface? [yes]: y
您是否想配置fastethernet0/0接口?選Y
Use the 100 Base-TX (RJ-45) connector? [yes]: y
用RJ45的連接器嗎?選Y
Operate in full-duplex mode? [no]: y
選用全雙工模式?選Y
Configure IP on this interface? [yes]: y
在這個接口上配置IP嗎?選Y
IP address for this interface: 192.168.0.1
配置該接口的IP地址(在此地址為192.168.0.1
Subnet mask for this interface [255.255.255.0] :
配置該接口的子網(wǎng)掩碼.(默認的是255.255.255.0,可以手工輸入修改)
Class C network is 192.168.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24
Do you want to configure Serial0/0 interface? [yes]: y
您想配置serial0/0接口嗎?選Y
Some supported encapsulations are
ppp/hdlc/frame-relay/lapb/x25/atm-dxi/smds
Choose encapsulation type [hdlc]: