TED英語(yǔ)演講：指紋透露的信息，超乎你的想象
我們的指紋令我們獨(dú)一無(wú)二，但它們也是揭露我們的行為，生活形態(tài)和日常生活信息的一個(gè)隱秘世界。在這個(gè)演講中，化學(xué)家Simona展示了她如何使用質(zhì)譜儀來(lái)追蹤分子，這種技術(shù)可以利用過(guò)去不可見(jiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)分析指紋，如何幫助警察抓捕罪犯?下面是小編為大家收集關(guān)于TED英語(yǔ)演講：指紋透露的信息，超乎你的想象，歡迎借鑒參考。
演說(shuō)題目：指紋透露的信息，超乎你的想象!
演說(shuō)者：Simona Francese
演講稿
Do you ever stop and think, during a romantic dinner, "I've just left my fingerprints all over my wine glass."
在進(jìn)行浪漫晚餐的時(shí)候，你們有沒(méi)有停下來(lái)想想，“我剛在紅酒杯上留滿(mǎn)了指紋”。
Or do you ever worry, when you visit a friend, about leaving a little piece of you behind on every surface that you touch?
或者你有沒(méi)有擔(dān)心，當(dāng)你拜訪朋友時(shí)，在每一個(gè)觸碰中留下的那一絲痕跡?
And even this evening, have you paid any attention to sit without touching anything?
即便今天晚上，你們坐下時(shí)有沒(méi)有留意不觸碰任何東西?
Well, you're not alone. Thankfully, criminals underestimate the power of fingerprints, too.
好吧，并不只是你們?nèi)绱?。謝天謝地，犯罪分子也低估了指紋的力量。
And I'm not just talking about the twisted parting of lines that make our fingerprint unique.
我說(shuō)的可不只是那一條條讓我們的指紋獨(dú)一無(wú)二的扭曲線(xiàn)條。
I'm talking about an entire world of information hiding in a small, often invisible thing.
我談?wù)摰氖钦麄€(gè)隱藏在微小、常常不可見(jiàn)的物體中的信息世界。
In fact, fingerprints are made up of molecules that belong to three classes:
事實(shí)上，組成指紋的分子可以分為三大類(lèi)：
sweat molecules that we all produce in very different amounts ...
我們產(chǎn)生的數(shù)量非常不同的汗液分子...
molecules that we introduce into our body and then we sweat out and molecules that we may contaminate our fingertips with
進(jìn)入我們體內(nèi)然后排出去的分子和污染我們指尖的分子，
when we come across substances like blood, paint, grease, but also invisible substances.
在我們遇到像血液、油漆、油脂那樣的物質(zhì)時(shí)，但也有不可見(jiàn)的物質(zhì)。
And molecules are the storytellers of who we are and what we've been up to.
分子是我們是誰(shuí)和我們一直所從事的事的說(shuō)書(shū)人。
We just need to have the right technology to make them talk.
我們只是需要有合適技術(shù)讓它們開(kāi)口說(shuō)話(huà)。
So let me take you on a journey of unthinkable capabilities.
所以，讓我?guī)銈兲ど线@段不可思議的能力之旅。
Katie has been raped and her lifeless body has been found in the woods three days later, after her disappearance.
凱蒂被強(qiáng)奸了，她的尸體在她失蹤后的三天在樹(shù)林里被發(fā)現(xiàn)。
The police is targeting three suspects,
警方鎖定了三個(gè)嫌疑人，
having narrowed down the search from over 20 men who had been seen in that area on the same day.
已從案發(fā)當(dāng)天被目擊路過(guò)那片區(qū)域的超過(guò)20人中縮減而來(lái)。
The only piece of evidence is two very faint, overlapping fingerprints on the tape that was found wrapped around Katie's neck.
唯一的證據(jù)是纏在凱蒂脖子的帶子上面發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩個(gè)非常模糊的、重疊的指紋。
Often, faint and overlapping fingerprints cannot help the police to make an identification.
通常情況下，模糊和重疊的指紋對(duì)警方鑒定沒(méi)有幫助。
And until recently, this might have been the end of the road, but this is where we can make the difference.
直至最近，這可能還是走不通，但這是我們可以發(fā)揮作用的地方。
The tape is sent to our labs, where we're asked to use our cutting-edge technology to help with the investigation.
帶子送到了我們實(shí)驗(yàn)室，我們被要求使用最尖端技術(shù)來(lái)幫助調(diào)查。
And here, we use an existing form of mass spectrometry imaging technology
在這里，我們使用了一種現(xiàn)成的質(zhì)譜成像技術(shù)，
that we have further developed and adapted specifically for the molecular and imaging analysis of fingerprints.
我們已經(jīng)專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)指紋的分子和成像分析做了進(jìn)一步的開(kāi)發(fā)和適配。
In essence, we fire a UV laser at the print,
原理上，我們朝指紋發(fā)射一束紫外激光，
and we cause the desorption of the molecules from the print, ready to be captured by the mass spectrometer.
去引發(fā)指紋上的分子解吸，為被質(zhì)譜儀捕獲做好準(zhǔn)備。
Mass spectrometry measures the weight of the molecules -- or as we say, the mass
質(zhì)譜法測(cè)量分子的重量--或者如我們所說(shuō)，質(zhì)量，
and those numbers that you see there, they indicate that mass.
你看到的這些數(shù)字，它們表示質(zhì)量。
But more crucially, they indicate who those molecules are
但更關(guān)鍵的是，它們表示這些分子是誰(shuí)，
whether I'm seeing paracetamol or something more sinister, forensically speaking.
我看到的是對(duì)乙酰氨基酚或是從法醫(yī)證物角度來(lái)說(shuō)更罪惡的東西。
We applied this technology to the evidence that we have and we found the presence of condom lubricants.
我們對(duì)證物采用這個(gè)技術(shù)并從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了避孕套的潤(rùn)滑劑。
In fact, we've developed protocols that enable us to even suggest what brand of condom might have been used.
事實(shí)上，我們開(kāi)發(fā)了一套流程讓我們甚至可以知道使用什么牌子的避孕套。
So we pass this information to the police,
于是我們把這個(gè)信息傳達(dá)給警方，
who, meanwhile, have obtained a search warrant and they found the same brand of condom in Dalton's premises.
警方，同時(shí)已經(jīng)取得了搜查證并在道爾頓的房子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了同樣牌子的避孕套。
And with Dalton and Thomson also having records for sexual assaults,
鑒于道爾頓和湯姆森也有性侵犯的記錄，
then it is Chapman that may become the less likely suspect.
那么，查普曼就不太可能成為嫌疑人。
But is this information enough to make an arrest?
但這個(gè)信息足夠去逮捕人了嗎?
Of course not, and we are asked to delve deeper with our investigation.
當(dāng)然不夠，我們被要求深入我們的調(diào)查。
So we found out, also, the presence of other two very interesting molecules.
于是我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了另外兩個(gè)非常有趣的分子的存在。
One is an antidepressant, and one is a very special molecule.
一種是抗抑郁藥，另一種是非常特殊的分子。
你指紋透露的信息超乎你的想象
It only forms in your body if you drink alcohol and consume cocaine at the same time.
如果你同時(shí)喝酒和吸食可卡因，只會(huì)在你的身體中形成。
And alcohol is known to potentiate the effects of cocaine,
眾所周知，酒精會(huì)增強(qiáng)可卡因的作用，
so here, we now have a hint on the state of mind of the individual whilst perpetrating the crime.
所以在這兒，我們現(xiàn)在有了一個(gè)關(guān)于個(gè)人心理狀態(tài)的提示。
We passed this information to the police, and they found out that, actually, Thomson is a drug addict,
我們把信息傳遞給警方，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實(shí)上湯姆森是個(gè)癮君子，
and he also has a medical record for psychotic episodes, for which presumably the antidepressant was prescribed.
而且他也有精神病發(fā)的醫(yī)療記錄，大概是用抗抑郁藥開(kāi)的處方。
So now Thomson becomes the more likely suspect.
所以現(xiàn)在湯姆森成為了更有可能的嫌疑人。
But the reality is that I still don't know where these molecules are coming from,
但事實(shí)是，我仍然不知道這些分子是從哪里來(lái)的，
from which fingerprint, and who those two fingerprints belong to.
來(lái)自誰(shuí)的指紋，這兩個(gè)指紋屬于誰(shuí)的。
Fear not. Mass spectrometry imaging can help us further.
不要害怕。質(zhì)譜成像可以幫助我們更進(jìn)一步。
In fact, the technology is so powerful that we can see where these molecules are on a fingerprint.
事實(shí)上，這個(gè)技術(shù)是如此強(qiáng)大，我們可以看到這些分子在指紋上的位置。
Like you see in this video, every single one of those peaks corresponds to a mass, every mass to a molecule,
如這個(gè)視頻中所看到，每一個(gè)波峰都對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)質(zhì)量，每一個(gè)質(zhì)量對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)分子，
and we can interrogate the software, by selecting each of those molecules,
我們可以通過(guò)選擇每一個(gè)分子，并查詢(xún)這個(gè)軟件，
as to where they are present on a fingermark.
來(lái)了解它們?cè)谝粋€(gè)手指上的位置。
And some images are not very revealing, some are better, some are really good.
有些照片不能說(shuō)明問(wèn)題，有些更好些，有些真的很好。
And we can create multiple images of the same mark -- in theory, hundreds of images of the same fingerprint
我們可以創(chuàng)建相同標(biāo)記的多個(gè)圖像--理論上，對(duì)于我們檢測(cè)到的很多分子，
for as many of the molecules that we have detected.
可以創(chuàng)建同個(gè)指紋的上百?gòu)垐D像。
So step one ... for overlapping fingerprints, chances are,
所以步驟1...對(duì)于重疊的指紋，很大可能性是，
especially if they come from different individuals, that the molecular composition is not identical,
特別是如果它們來(lái)自不同的個(gè)體，分子組成是不一樣的，
so let's ask the software to visualize those unique molecules just present in one fingermark and not in the other one.
讓我們讓軟件來(lái)可視化這些只在一個(gè)手指上，而不在另一個(gè)手指上的獨(dú)特分子。
By doing so, that's how we can separate the two ridge patterns.
這樣做，這就是我們?nèi)绾畏蛛x這兩種嵴線(xiàn)類(lèi)型的方法。
And this is really important because the police now are able to identify one of the two fingerprints,
這真是非常重要，因?yàn)榫飕F(xiàn)在就可以鑒定兩個(gè)指紋中的一個(gè)，
which actually corresponds to Katie.
其中正好和凱蒂的是相對(duì)應(yīng)的。
And they've been able to say so because they've compared the two separate images with one taken posthumously from Katie.
他們現(xiàn)在可以這樣說(shuō)，是因?yàn)樗麄儼堰@兩張分開(kāi)的圖片跟死后的凱蒂上拍到的做了對(duì)比。
So now, we can concentrate on one fingerprint only -- that of the killer's.
所以現(xiàn)在，我們可以聚焦在只有一個(gè)指紋上了--屬于兇手的。
So then, step two ... where are these three molecules that I've seen?
然后，步驟2...我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的這三個(gè)分子在哪里?
Well, let's interrogate the software -- show me where they are.
好吧，讓我們來(lái)查一下軟件--告訴我它們?cè)谀睦铩?/p>
And by doing this, only portions of the image of the killer's fingerprint show up.
通過(guò)這樣做，只有兇手的部分指紋出現(xiàn)了。
In other words, those substances are only present in the killer's print.
換句話(huà)說(shuō)，這些物質(zhì)只存在于兇手的指紋中。
So now our molecular findings start matching very nicely the police intelligence about Thomson,
所以現(xiàn)在我們的分子發(fā)現(xiàn)開(kāi)始很好地匹配警察掌握的關(guān)于湯姆森的情報(bào)，
should that fingerprint belong to him.
那指紋應(yīng)該屬于他。
But the reality is that that print is still not good enough to make an identification.
但事實(shí)是這個(gè)指紋仍然不夠好去做鑒定。
Step three: since we can generate hundreds of images of the same fingerprint, why don't we superimpose them,
步驟3: 既然我們可以生成數(shù)百?gòu)埾嗤讣y的圖像，我們?yōu)槭裁床话阉鼈儻B加起來(lái)呢，
and by doing so, try to improve the rich pattern of continuity and clarity?
通過(guò)這樣做，試著改善連續(xù)性和清晰性的豐富模式。
That's the result. Striking. We now have a very clear image of the fingerprint and the police can run it through the database.
這就是結(jié)果。非常驚人。我們現(xiàn)在有了指紋的清晰圖像，警察已經(jīng)可以在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中檢索了。
The match comes out to Thomson. Thomson is our killer.
匹配結(jié)果顯示是湯姆森。湯姆森就是兇手。
Katie, the suspects and the circumstances of the crime aren't real,
凱蒂、犯罪嫌疑人和犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)都不是真實(shí)的，
but the story contains elements of the real police casework we've been confronted with,
但這個(gè)故事包含了我們所遇到的真正的警察案件的元素，
and is a composite of the intelligence that we can provide -- that we have been able to provide the police.
而這也包含了我們所能提供給警察的情報(bào)信息的組合。
And I'm really, really thrilled that after nine years of intense research,
在9年的深入研究后，我真的真的非常激動(dòng)，
as of 2017, we are able to contribute to police investigations.
在2017年，我們能夠?qū)降恼{(diào)查做出貢獻(xiàn)。
Mine is no longer a dream; it's a goal. We're going to do this wider and wider, bigger and bigger,
我的夢(mèng)想不再是夢(mèng)想;它是個(gè)目標(biāo)。我們要做得越來(lái)越廣，越來(lái)越大，
and we're going to know more about the suspect, and we're going to build an identikit.
我們要了解更多嫌疑人的信息，我們要建立一個(gè)身份證明。
I believe this is also a new era for criminal profiling.
我相信這也是犯罪檔案的新時(shí)代。
The work of the criminologist draws on the expert recognition of behavioral patterns that have been observed before
犯罪學(xué)家的工作利用了將過(guò)去觀察過(guò)的行為模式
to belong to a certain type, to a certain profile.
歸屬于特定類(lèi)型和畫(huà)像的專(zhuān)家認(rèn)可。
As opposed to this expert but subjective evaluation, we're trying to do the same thing,
相對(duì)于專(zhuān)家這種主觀評(píng)估，我們?cè)谠噲D做同樣的事情，
but from the molecular makeup of the fingerprint, and the two can work together.
但從指紋的分子結(jié)構(gòu)去看，這兩者可以一起工作。
I did say that molecules are storytellers,
我說(shuō)過(guò)分子是講故事的，
so information on your health, your actions, your lifestyle, your routines, they're all there, accessible in a fingerprint.
所以關(guān)于你的健康信息，你的行為，你的生活形態(tài)，你的日常生活，它們?nèi)谀抢铮赏ㄟ^(guò)指紋獲取。
And molecules are the storytellers of our secrets in just a touch. Thank you.
只需輕輕觸碰，分子是我們秘密的說(shuō)書(shū)人。謝謝。
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