古希臘神話雅典娜故事_雅典娜女神的故事
雅典娜被稱為智慧女神，她是智慧與精神力完美結(jié)合。關(guān)于雅典娜的故事你知道多少?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家準(zhǔn)備的古希臘神話雅典娜故事，希望大家喜歡!
古希臘神話雅典娜故事原文
有一次，宙斯得了嚴(yán)重的頭痛癥。包括藥神阿波羅在內(nèi)的所有山神都試圖對(duì)他實(shí)施一種有效的治療，但結(jié)果都是徒勞的。眾神與人類之父宙斯只好要求火神赫斐斯托斯打開他的頭顱?；鹕衲菢幼隽恕Ａ?yuàn)W林波斯山諸神驚訝的是：一位體態(tài)婀娜、披堅(jiān)執(zhí)銳的女神從裂開的頭顱中走了出來，光彩照人，儀態(tài)萬方。她就是智慧與知識(shí)女神雅典娜，也是雅典的守護(hù)神。
雅典娜成為雅典的守護(hù)神的傳說和女神與波塞冬之間的爭(zhēng)斗有關(guān)。當(dāng)雅典首次由一個(gè)腓尼基人建成時(shí)，波塞冬與雅典娜爭(zhēng)奪為之命名的榮耀。最后達(dá)成協(xié)議;能為人類提供最有用東西的人將成為該城的守護(hù)神。波塞冬用他的三叉戟敲打地面變出了一匹戰(zhàn)馬。而雅典娜則變出了一棵橄欖樹——和平與富裕的象征。因戰(zhàn)馬被認(rèn)為是代表戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與悲傷，因此雅典就以女神的名字命名。女神很快將該城納入她的保護(hù)之中。
雅典娜是藝術(shù)、工藝和婦女手工之神，雙手靈巧，無法忍受別人的挑戰(zhàn)。一位名叫阿瑞克妮的莉迪亞族少女，似乎瞧不起雅典娜
的本領(lǐng)，并常吹噓如有機(jī)會(huì)定能擊敗女神雅典娜。一氣之下，女神裝扮成一位老婦，勸告阿瑞克妮應(yīng)謙虛一些。但那位愚昧無知的女手藝人，竟勇敢地向她發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)。女神卸去偽裝，接受了挑戰(zhàn)。兩位婦女立刻著手創(chuàng)作各自的作品。女神設(shè)計(jì)的圖案敘述了她與波塞冬爭(zhēng)斗的故事，而阿瑞克妮則編織了一張精細(xì)的網(wǎng)。之后，阿瑞克妮吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己輸了，因女神的作品要好得多。她感到非常羞恥，便用一根絲線自縊。但在咽氣之前，女神將她變成了一只蜘蛛，讓她永遠(yuǎn)地編織。
古希臘神話雅典娜故事英文
On one occasion Zeus suffered a bad headache.All the gods，including Apollo，the god of medicine，had tried uselessly to offer an effective treatment.
Then the father of gods and men asked Hephaestus to open his head.This the god of the fire did.To the wonder of all the Olympians，a goddess，well-grown and full-armed，came out of Zeus' head.The goddess was giving off light and splendor. She was Athena，goddess of wisdom and knowledge and patroness of Athens.
The story of Athena becoming patron goddess of Athens concerns the struggle between the goddess and Poseidon.When the city of Athens was first built by a Phoenician，both Poseidon and Athena competed for the honour of naming it.It was then agreed that whoever offered the most useful object for men would become the patron of the city.Poseidon struck the ground with his trident and produced a horse，whereas Athena had an olive tree to present，a symbol of peace and plenty.As the horse was regarded as struggle and sorrow， Athens was named after the goddess，who soon took the city under her protection.
Athena was the goddess of arts and crafts
and woman' s handiwork.She was so skilled with her hands that she tolerated no challenge to her skill in this respect . A Lydian maid，Arachne by name，did not seem to think much of Athena's skill，for she frequently talked big
that she could beat the goddess if she had the chance to do so.The goddess was quite angry.
Dressed up as an old woman，she went to advise Arachne to be modest.But the ignorant crafts woman
bravely asked the goddess herself to come down and compete with her.At this the goddess took off her disguise and accepted the competition. The two women immediately set about making different designs.
While the goddess worked on the story of her rivalry with Poseidon，Arachne began to make a delicate web.When both pieces were finished，Arachne saw，to her surprise，that she had been beaten，for the goddess' design was infinitely better.She felt so shamed that she tied a piece of silk to hang herself.But Just before she breathed her last breath the goddess changed her into a spider and let her weave forever.
古希臘神話雅典娜神話學(xué)意義
雅典娜是北方民族和南方民族融合的產(chǎn)物，一般認(rèn)為是母系(或母權(quán))社會(huì)的大母神的神格分身，由遠(yuǎn)古的鳥和蛇類女神演化而來的，大母神原型的統(tǒng)治占據(jù)著原始狀態(tài)的人類心理，意識(shí)只能緩慢地發(fā)展，而且只能逐漸地從無意識(shí)直接進(jìn)程的支配下獲得解放。
雅典娜心理母權(quán)時(shí)代的發(fā)端已經(jīng)消失在史前迷霧之中,但在我們的歷史時(shí)代的黎明，它的終結(jié)卻壯麗輝煌地展現(xiàn)在我們眼前。后來它被父權(quán)所取代，大父神(the Great Father，即后來的神王：該亞——烏拉諾斯——克洛諾斯——宙斯)或男性(the Masculine)原型，及其不同的象征、不同的價(jià)值和不同的趨向，逐漸占據(jù)了支配地位。從宙斯頭顱中誕生的雅典娜故事， 可以看到古希臘歷史演變的某種象征——民族的遷移和融合，母權(quán)時(shí)代被父權(quán)所取代。宙斯代表創(chuàng)造了邁錫尼文明和后期克里特文明、公元前2000年左右遷入希臘本土的真正希臘人的祖先——阿該亞人的神靈宗教信仰，而墨提斯則象征著原先希臘本土土著居民的精神信仰。將墨提斯視為智慧女神可能代表著當(dāng)時(shí)希臘本土的文明要優(yōu)秀于后來的移民們的文明;當(dāng)宙斯將她吞入肚中時(shí)，便是土著居民、阿該亞人和西亞移民不同的宗教與文明的融合，從而形成了新的希臘古典文明體系——“雅典娜”——當(dāng)然這個(gè)詞只是一個(gè)比喻，希臘正統(tǒng)宗教的象征仍然是宙斯而不是雅典娜，因?yàn)樗皇?ldquo;預(yù)言”中的“兒子”，因此最終并沒能真正取代宙斯。這多少代表了當(dāng)時(shí)被征服的民族的屈從;但墨提斯雖然被吞，而她仍留在宙斯肚里，又象征著這些民族仍多少保留著他們自己的傳統(tǒng)。
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