英文導游詞并附帶中文解釋
中國作為古代四大文明古國之一，許多著名景點吸引了各國各地友人慕名而來。下面是小編為你們整理出來的一些英文導游詞范文，并且附上中文導游詞，希望能幫到你們。
平遙古城英語導游詞
Ladies and gentlemen, this time we are going to visit the famous Pingyao County. Pingyao County is one of the cultural heritages of the world heritage list. Please keep the floor clean during the tour. If you have any questions, you can ask me.
We first came to the first tourist spot: South Street. The composition of Pingyao County is crisscrossed four streets, eight small streets, seventy-two winding streets, and now we come to the South Street of four Avenue. You see, on both sides of the street, old and famous shops are flourishing traditional commercial streets. During the Qing Dynasty, South Street controlled more than fifty percent of the financial institutions in the country.
West Street is known as "the first street of Finance in Qing Dynasty", and it is a main street directly connected with East Street. And the East Avenue North and South Street intersection, North Street is to the west central street.
Eight small streets and seventy-two lanes are named in the nearby buildings or marked signs; some are named in the temple temple; some are named in a city in the city; and some streets and lanes have been unable to explore the source of the name.
There are many beautiful legends in Pingyao County, such as sleeping aunts and drug wives, and burning Town God's Temple. Please take a good tour of this beautiful ancient city.
各位旅客，本次我們將要游覽著名的平遙古城。平遙古城是《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》的文化遺產(chǎn)之一。游覽時請保持地面干凈，如果有問題可以問我。
我們首先來到第一處游覽點：南大街。平遙古城的構(gòu)成，是縱橫交錯的四大街、八小街、七十二條蚰蜒巷，而我們現(xiàn)在來到的就是四大街其中的南大街。你們看，街道兩旁，老字號、傳統(tǒng)名店林立，是繁盛的傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)街。在清朝時期，南大街控制著全國百分之五十以上的金融機構(gòu)。
西大街被譽為“大清金融第一街”，與東大街呈一條筆直貫通的主街。而東大街北端和南大街相交，北大街則通往西大街中部。
八小街和七十二條蚰蜒巷，名稱各有由來，有的得名于附近的建筑或醒目標志;有的得名于祠廟;有的得名于一座城中之城;還有一些街巷已經(jīng)無法探究名字來源了。
平遙古城有許多美麗的傳說，如睡姑姑和藥婆、火燒城隍廟。請你們好好游覽一下這座美麗的古城吧!
長城英語導游詞
Hello, everyone! I am a small tour guide Chen Mingxiao. Welcome to the magnificent the Great Wall. Today, I am honored to introduce to you the the Great Wall, the great ancient Chinese architecture. Now, let's start a tour of the Great Wall!
As the saying goes, "less than the Great Wall is not a good man", climbing the Great Wall must have perseverance and unyielding perseverance and determination, and can not give up halfway. We can watch and climb on the other side. Let me first introduce the Great Wall to you: the Great Wall is made up of Guan Cheng, enemy building, smoke pier, Beacon Tower, enemy platform, wall platform, woo wall, stack, hole, perforation, etc. The Beacon Tower and the mound are used to deliver the enemy. During the day, smoked on smoked pits, and the number of smoke piles represents the number of enemy soldiers. I can't see the smoke at night and make a fire on the Beacon Tower. This way of transmitting information was the fastest and most effective in that era, and Beacon Tower played a very important role.
At this time, I saw a child climbing on the wall. I held him down and said to everyone, "please be careful not to climb on the wall. It is very dangerous. Outside the wall is a dangerous mountain. Falling down is not fun! "
Now, let me tell you more about the story of the Great Wall: Once upon a time, there was a man named Meng Jiangnu who went to dress for her husband who repaired the Great Wall. She went to the Great Wall, but she didn't find her husband. She quickly asked others that he had been buried in the Great Wall. She cried and cried for many years. Finally, she cried down the Great Wall and finally saw her husband.
The Great Wall is beautiful, magnificent, winding, and you are welcome to visit it.
各位旅客,你們好!我是小導游陳明逍，歡迎你們來到雄偉壯觀的萬里長城!今天，由我來為大家介紹中國偉大的古建筑——長城，我感到非常榮幸!現(xiàn)在，我們就開始長城之旅吧!
俗話說“不到長城非好漢”，攀登長城要有持之以恒、永不退縮的毅力和決心，不能中途放棄!我們可以一邊觀賞一邊攀登。我先為大家介紹一下長城：長城是由關(guān)城、敵樓、煙墩、烽火臺、敵臺、墻臺、宇墻、垛口、望洞、射孔等組成的。烽火臺和煙墩是用來傳遞敵情的。白天在煙墩上燃煙，煙堆的多少代表敵兵的數(shù)量。晚上看不見煙，就在烽火臺上生火。這種傳遞信息的方式，在那個時代是最迅速、最有效的，烽火臺起到了非常大的作用。
這時，我看到有個小孩子在城墻上爬。我把他抱下來后對大家說：“請注意不能在城墻上爬，這是很危險的。城墻外是險要的山峰，跌落下去可不是好玩的!”
下面，我再給大家講講有關(guān)長城的故事：從前，有個人叫孟姜女，她去為修長城的丈夫送衣服。她到了長城，卻沒找到她的丈夫。她連忙問別人，別人說他已被埋在長城里了。她傷心的哭，哭了很多年，最后，她把長城哭倒了，終于看到了她的丈夫。
長城很美麗、很壯觀，蜿蜒曲折，歡迎你們細細游賞!
湖南鳳凰古城英文導游詞
ladies and gentlemen , welcome to Fenghuang, the place where were arriving is one of the two most beautiful town in China----the old town of fenghuang, its a very important point that connects huaihua hunan and tongren guizhou together.and its the hometown of mr shengcongwen.
fenghuang has wonderful natural landscapes,its very hot for travelling since the old time. even a lot of teleplays were produced here.fenghuang is also a dradle for famous people ,shencongwen and xiongxiling are both spent their childhood here.now, lets set out to enjoy these fantastic good views.
THE FORMER RESIDENCE OF SHENCONGWEN
This is the former residence of shencongwen,a very famous auther, archaeologist and historian in china.
lined in the zhongying street in the south part of the fenghuang old town, the residence is a typical spacious ancient countryard with special tectonic style of ming and qing dynasty. walk into the yard, you can find that there is a small patio in the center of the countryard. which is built with red rock. around the patio , there are about 10 rooms which are small but decorated by special carved wooden windows .its so beautiful.
common people,and know their tragic lives. this special experience stunned up his enthusiasm of writhing . so in 1919, mr shen went to beijing alone, and began his hard writing . after his series of works WEST OF HUNAN FRINGE TOWN were punished, mr shen became nation -wide well -known.at that time, he was even as famous as luxun, another famous auther in chiese literature area. its said that shencongwen is the one who is the most possible to win the prize.
mr shen devoted all his life to writing,his 5-million word works are though as the precious legacy to the world literature.meanwhile, these works are also very veluable date for researching the history of hunan province and even china.
鳳凰古城國家歷史文化名城，曾被新西蘭著名作家路易艾黎稱贊為中國最美麗的小城。這里與吉首的德夯苗寨，永順的猛洞河，貴州的梵凈山相毗鄰，是懷化、吉首、貴州銅仁三地之間的必經(jīng)之路。 209國道和湘黔省道從縣境穿叉過，銅仁大興機場距縣城僅27公里， 交通實為便利。
各位朋友，大家好---嗎?(聲音洪亮)今天小導和大家一起去闖闖美麗的龍?zhí)痘⒀?----湘西，解放初期湘西就一直有中國的盲腸之稱。閉塞的交通、惡劣的環(huán)境、一種詭異的鬼神文化、一群忠厚血性的蠻人，構(gòu)成了原始神秘又不失美艷的大湘西，等候大家千年之久的鳳凰古城就坐落在這樣的環(huán)境之中。
不遠千里，花錢若干，再加上四個半小時的車程，我們就能身臨其境的感受中國最美麗的小城的絕世風貌了。漫漫的征程一點都不會讓我們寂寞，一小時后我們將聞到劉曉慶米豆腐的清香、茶葉飄香的古丈今天還留有宋祖英的嘹亮歌聲、高度自治的州政府吉首會讓你感受土司自治的遺風、209國道的按摩路定會一掃旅途的疲勞，鳳凰古城就在200多公里的那頭靜靜的等著我們。
五代十國，天下割據(jù)，各國之間的門戶之爭非常激烈，楚王馬殷與湘西部落的戰(zhàn)爭就發(fā)生在湘西門戶永順縣的酉水之畔。江西人士彭士愁定居在永順后憑借其厚重的德性竟然被推舉為土家部落首領，馬殷之子馬希范(第二代楚王)為了征服湘西的山民，便與彭在酉水(猛洞河)發(fā)生了大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)爭，結(jié)果雙方僵持不下，被迫簽訂了有名的溪州停戰(zhàn)協(xié)議，并將協(xié)議內(nèi)容可在國家二級文物溪州銅柱上。按照協(xié)議，湘西各部落開始進入了自治管理的階段，這就是在湘西延續(xù)了800多年的土司制度的誕生，當年酉水旁邊的一個小村落也成了歷史上第一個土司王府所在地，這個村莊到現(xiàn)在還被稱為王村，如果不是因為上世紀80年代的一次大事情，我想王村之名還不會落寞下去。
1986年，一群扛著古怪儀器的人來到了這里，一番折騰之后竟然成就了第七界中國電影金雞獎的傳世佳作芙蓉鎮(zhèn)。姜文飾演的右派分子秦書田和劉曉慶飾演的豆腐西施胡玉英在 四清五反的運動中不顧環(huán)境的艱辛，依然決定將愛情進行到底，在當時感動了多少性情中人啊，這部影片也成了大導演謝晉的扛鼎之作。導演走了，米豆腐的香味卻留了下來，昔日胡玉英的113號豆腐店生意還是那么火爆，電影看過了，芙蓉鎮(zhèn)的名字也隨之留了下來，現(xiàn)在很多人只知道有芙蓉鎮(zhèn)，而不知王村在何處。
(進入古丈)
影后的豆腐我們也吃了，芙蓉鎮(zhèn)的美艷也見識過了，過了身后不遠的芙蓉鎮(zhèn)大橋我們就到了湘西的金鳳凰宋祖英的家鄉(xiāng)了，同時也是著名歌唱家何繼光的家鄉(xiāng)。 2003年，宋祖英在世界的音樂殿堂維也納金色大廳進行了首個華人演唱會，吸引了全世界的眼光。婉轉(zhuǎn)動聽的山歌讓人如癡如醉;全身上下光芒四射的苗家盛裝更是人人嘆為觀止。苗家人為什么那么喜歡唱歌和苗家人為什么那么崇拜銀飾就成了耐人尋味的問題。
苗族人從遙遠的北方遷徙過來，歷經(jīng)了太多的磨難，最后在山高林密的湘西地區(qū)和黔東南地區(qū)安頓下來，靠自己的堅韌性格逐漸人丁興旺，生活安定。苗族人南遷的時候象形文字都還沒有形成，所以直到今天苗族人都還沒有文字，所有關(guān)于民族歷史的記憶都是靠把圖案刻畫在一種白色金屬來記載的，這種金屬就是白銀。因此對苗族人而言，白銀不是裝飾品，而是一種書，記錄著她們必須流傳的民族文化，也包含著她們的民族深情。長期巫儺文化的影響也讓苗族人認為白色的東西是可以辟邪的，是可以保健康的，所以孩子很小的時候家里人一定會給她們佩戴純銀的長命鎖和響鈴手鐲等等。銀離子特殊的殺菌、抗輻射的保健功效也是苗族人樸實的養(yǎng)生觀念。所以這個民族對銀飾的崇拜是其他民族沒辦法相比的，四千年的繪畫工藝和白銀的完美結(jié)合成就了國家的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)----苗銀手工鍛造技藝。到了風凰城你就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，古城最火爆的買賣就是白銀交易。
苗家人愛唱歌我想可能和他們的生活環(huán)境有關(guān)吧。長期以來，湘西都是通訊靠吼、交通靠走的局面，這也就練就了他們的一副好嗓子。山區(qū)山高林密，濃霧遮目，早上出門為了不讓自己被早起的獵人誤傷，所以必須邊哼唱邊勞動。你再看看古丈的環(huán)境，是不是茶樹特別多，采新茶必須在有露水的時候采，就要起的很早，所以早上以茶園的歌聲最嘹亮，而古丈走出去的兩位歌唱家都和茶有關(guān)系。何繼光老師在很多年以前就唱了膾炙人口的《挑擔茶葉上北京》，而宋祖英為了家鄉(xiāng)茶業(yè)的發(fā)展也唱了一首《古丈茶歌》，經(jīng)過兩代人的努力，今天的古丈茶已經(jīng)位列中國十大名茶，古丈縣也有了茶城之說。
為了感謝大家這么長時間的聽我胡說八道，接下來我用自己公鴨似的嗓音為大家?guī)硪矮F派歌手的真情嚎叫，一首挑擔茶葉上北京帶給大家，為我家鄉(xiāng)的稀有物產(chǎn)打打氣，加加油。先鼓掌，后欣賞。
(進入吉首)
很快我們就進入湘西土家族苗族自治州的州府所在地吉首了，距離我們翹首盼望的美麗小城只有區(qū)區(qū)54公里了。在我們右手邊的一大片廠房便是湘西北地區(qū)最大的國企----酒鬼酒股份有限公司(湘泉集團)。我們國家白酒的三大巨頭：貴州茅臺、四川五糧液、湘西酒鬼都有一個共同的特點，那就是都處于我國大西南的云貴高原一帶，究竟是什么原因呢?后來一些風水先生揭開了其中的秘密。高原多山，在五行中屬金，而金生水，所以山青永遠和水秀是聯(lián)系在一起的，有了好水自然就能釀出好酒了。五行中水對應著人體的腎臟，酒是水的精華，因此就有了多喝傷肝，少飲養(yǎng)腎的說法。讓我們打開車窗去品味一下曾經(jīng)最貴白酒的酒香味，湘泉和酒鬼系列都是中國的上等白酒，有可能的話我還可以帶大家去參觀酒廠，而且可以免費的喝上二兩。
作為湘西政治、經(jīng)濟和文化的中心，吉首也有山城的顯著特點。城市不大，應勢而建，交通也不是很通暢，布局也不是太規(guī)范，隨處可見市場，這可能也算是土司制度的遺留問題吧。
(進入209國道)
鳳凰城的游覽其實就是一個自由購物的過程，古城雖大，卻只賣四種東西。交易量最大的就是白銀，其次是鳳凰有名的千年小吃姜糖和獼猴桃，最后是湘西臘味。
隨著外來文化的滲透，白銀行業(yè)也變得不單純了，良莠不齊了。幾百家銀飾店我也不知道哪家的好，但我告訴大家兩個衡量標準之后，買到假貨的可能性就很小了。期貨原銀的價格已經(jīng)到了十塊了，所以加上手工費還有店面、人員等成本，一個正常的純銀飾品的售價應該是在25----32之間，這是價格的標準。說到質(zhì)量，你千萬不要相信假一罰十的鬼話，也不可全信導游的話，如果可以用一千多的高溫進行煅燒的銀器才是純度好的銀器。進入古城后，我會先帶大家去縣政府授牌的苗族銀飾手工鍛造所去參觀，在研究所里面可以了解到現(xiàn)在古城銷售的都有些什么樣的銀飾品，還可以直觀的看到高溫是如何檢驗銀器的。所謂的基地啊、研究所啊在古城也不少，大家一定要好好看看牌子，要是政府單位民族局的授牌才是真的哦。要說品牌啊，還是老楊家的后人創(chuàng)建的天下宏興堂為最好，那可是湘西最大的民營集團哦。
故宮中英文導游詞
Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing. Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors can enjoy me!!!!!!!
The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancient buildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scale comprehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100 square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongle emperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruled the country for 491 years. So the Palace Museum of history is very long!
Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, what kill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, we can see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can see the Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the place where the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenly purity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthly tranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, to take these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the garden scenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, come across these stones, remember pictures to commemorate!
Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to the Forbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to give up?
大家好!歡迎游客們到故宮觀光游覽。今天，我將帶領大家游覽故宮，希望游客們能喜歡我!
游客們!故宮博物院是在明、清兩代皇宮——紫禁城的基礎上建立的一座集古代建筑群、宮廷收藏、歷代文化藝術(shù)為一體的大型綜合性博物館。紫禁城占地面積約100多萬平方米，建筑面積約1萬平米。故宮里一共居住過24位皇帝，第一位是明代永樂皇帝朱棣，最后一位是清代宣統(tǒng)皇帝溥儀，統(tǒng)治全國長達491年。所以說故宮的歷史非常悠久呢!
游客們，請往上看，這就是午門，在古代，殺什么人都要在午門前殺呢!從午門進去，我們就可以看到內(nèi)金水橋。從內(nèi)金水橋過去，過一個太和門，就可以看到宮廷原狀陳列的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，是皇帝聽政的地方，宏偉之極。從保和殿出來，過一個乾清門，就來到乾清宮、交泰殿和坤寧宮，傳說修故宮時，是為了能天下太平，才修的這三個地方呢。過了坤寧門，就是御花園，御花園里景色秀美，有許多奇形怪狀的石頭，遇到這些石頭時，記住留影紀念喔!
再過了順貞門和神武門，我們的故宮之游就結(jié)束了。回頭看看這雄偉的故宮，是不是有些舍不得呢?
Entering the Meridian Gate, there are five marble bridges on the Inner Golden Water River, shaped like a bow. The five marble bridges just look like five arrows reporting symbolically to heaven. The five bridges were supposed to represent the five virtues preached by Confucius-benevolence, righteousness, rite, intelligence and fidelity.
Across the Inner Golden Water Bridge, we get to the Gate of Supreme Harmony. During the Ming and early Qing dynasties, here was the place where the emperor gave his audience, accepted documents from his ministers and made decisions here. There are two bronze lions guarding in front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony. The male lion was usually put on the left, playing with an embroidered design ball, which is said to show the emperor's supreme power. The other one on the right is the female lion, playing with a lion cub with its left paw symbolizing prosperity of the royal family's offsprings.
Across the Gate of Supreme Harmony , we come to the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Here the emperor held grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the wedding ceremony, dispatched generals to the battles, and the emperor received the successful candidates of the imperial examination etc. Also, the emperor held grand feasts each year on New Year's Day, Winter solstice and his own birthday.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is 35.5 meters high with double layered roof that represents the highest construction rank of all. Now, let's ascend the stairs and move on to look at articles in display on two sides of the hall. On the top layer of the terrace stands a sundial on the east an imperial grain measure on the west. The sundial is an ancient time measure or a time-measuring apparatus used in the old days. The sundial tells the time by seeing the shadow of the metal pin on the sundial, which has an inclination angle of 50 degrees with the graduation on it. The grain measure was used as the national standard measure in agriculture in the old days. Both the grain measure and the sundial were symbols of the emperor's justice and rectitude.
There are two pairs of incense burners in the shape of bronze dragon-headed tortoises and bronze cranes placed on each side. They are both symbols of longevity.
When you look up the building in the Forbidden City, you can see mythical animal statues on the eaves of each building. Originally, there used to be big wooden nails on the roof to prevent the tiles from sliding down. Later they were replaced by glazed tiles, which were shaped into mythical animal statues for better beautification. They are symbols of auspiciousness and peace, and people believed that they are capable of subduing fire and warding off evil spirits.
Inside of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, you can see the gilded caisson ceiling high above the throne with a magnificent sculpture of a curling dragon playing with a huge pear was called “Xuanyuan Jing”， representing orthodox succession.
This hall is supported by 72 giant columns inside. In the old days, the traditional way of the Chinese to calculate a “room” is that: a square enclosed by four pillars was treated as one “room”， so the hall can be said to have 55 “rooms” in total. The six columns inside are gilded and painted with coiled dragon amidst clouds, and the rest are painted red.
The emperor's throne is placed on the dais in the center, and carved in cloud and dragon patterns and gilded. On both sides of the throne are a pair of elephant-shaped incense burners symbolize universal peace and two incense burners shaped as a mythical animal 9,000 kilometers per day and speaking all the languages of nearby kingdoms. Around the throne stand a pair of bronze cranes and in front of the dais is four cloisonné incense burners. The floor on the ground is paved with “Gold Bricks”， specially made in Suzhou.
The Hall of Middle Harmony is a square-shaped hall with a single pyramidic roof standing behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony. This was the place where the emperor would take a short rest before he went to the Hall of Supreme Harmony for grand ceremonies. Every year before the emperor went to the Altars and Temples, the emperor would receive and read the sacrificial address here.
Before the emperor went to the Altar of Agriculture for offering the sacrifice, the seeds intended for spring sowing and the ploughs were examined here, just to show the concern of the emperor for agriculture.
According to the rule, the imperial genealogy should be revised every ten years. The ceremony of presenting the genealogy to the emperor for revision and approval would also be held here.
Now, we come to the Hall of Preserving Harmony, the last of the three front halls.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, on each New Year's Eve and the 15th day of the lunar moth, banquets would be held to entertain the civil and military officials and the princes and envoys of the Mongolian nobles and other nationalities. To celebrate the princess's marriage, the emperor would incite the bridegroom and his father as well as their relatives who served for the imperial government to a banquet.
The Imperial Palace Exam was held here once every three years in the Qing dynasty.
Just behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony, there is a big Marble Rampcarved with mountain cliffs, sea waves, clouds and nine dragons. It is 16.57 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick, and weighs about 250 tons.
各位朋友，穿過午門，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)進入故宮。故宮中這第一進院落就是太和門廣場。首先我們看到是內(nèi)金水河，它子西向東婉言流過太和門廣場，上邊有五座漢白玉石橋，就是內(nèi)金水橋，它們象征五德，即仁、義、禮、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品質(zhì)為一身的意思。金水橋下市內(nèi)金水河，內(nèi)金水河從紫禁城西北角筒子河涵道引入紫禁城，沿紫禁城內(nèi)西側(cè)南流，至武英殿東向，經(jīng)武英殿門前，再東經(jīng)涵道至太和門前。又經(jīng)涵道東出至文淵閣前水池，從文淵閣東出經(jīng)三座門前石橋，最后流入無門東側(cè)筒子河，全長2100米。內(nèi)金水河的作用不僅是故宮中排水的主要通道，也是宮中營造用水和滅火的主要水源，同時還起到了分隔空間、點綴景觀的作用，使太和門廣場在雄渾中不失秀美。
跨過金水橋，這片廣場曾經(jīng)是明代皇帝玉門聽政時百官待駕的地方。何謂“御門聽政”呢?這“御門”即指太和門，即前朝的正門，初建于明永樂年間，當時叫奉天門，明嘉靖年間改稱皇極門，清順治年后改稱太和門。“聽政”是指聽取政事。明永樂皇帝朱棣遷都北京不到百日，三大殿被大火燒毀，朱棣曾在此御門聽政，處理國家朝政。清朝入關(guān)后，清世祖福臨的登基典禮、加封多爾袞為叔父攝政王、封吳三桂為平西王等活動都是在太和門舉行的。
太和門東廡中間的門叫協(xié)和門，西廡中間的門叫熙和門。太和門、協(xié)和門、熙和門加上前朝三大殿的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿稱為“六合”。在太和門兩旁還有兩道門，分別為昭德門和貞度門。
過了太和門我們就來到了故宮中最重要的院落--太和殿及其廣場。太和殿廣場幾本呈正方形，整個院落平坦寬闊，氣勢非凡。中間御路以青石，兩側(cè)青磚墁地。北有太和殿，南為太和殿，東為體仁閣，西為弘義閣，面積約3萬平方米，是整座紫禁城面積的1/24。整個廣場可容納近7萬人。在每年的元旦、冬至以及皇帝登基、大婚、萬壽這些重大活動的時候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿廣場舉行隆重的大朝禮。
大家請看，遠處正前方是一片漢白玉雕砌的三層高臺基，呈“土”字形，俗稱“三臺”。臺基高8.13米，臺邊緣高7.12米，三層臺基間，分列著18尊鼎式香爐。在每一層基座的邊緣都伸出很多小龍頭，那些小龍的名字叫“螭”，是傳說中一種沒有角的龍，這些小龍頭實際上是大殿的排水系統(tǒng)。如果仔細看會發(fā)現(xiàn)每個龍頭的嘴里都有一個小孔，即噴水孔，三層基座之上共設小龍頭1142個，每當下大雨的時候，雨水便從1142個龍頭嘴里的小孔內(nèi)排出，非常壯觀。為管中一景，被稱為“千龍吐水”。三重臺基承托著雄偉的三大殿，這就是故宮的中心建筑--太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。其中太和殿位于“土”字形須彌座的南部，各位可以先在這里留個影，然后我們就去參觀太和殿。
好!現(xiàn)在我們面前這座高臺上的宏偉建筑就是太和殿，也就是民間所說的“金鑾寶殿”。太和殿是紫禁城的正殿，被視為黃泉的象征。太和殿始建于明永樂年間，原名奉天殿，嘉靖年間重建后改稱皇極殿。清初順治年間改稱太和殿，康熙年間又兩次大規(guī)模改造，才有今天我們看到的太和殿的規(guī)模。“太和”二字出自《周易*乾* 彖辭傳》中的“乾道變化，各證性命，保合大和乃利貞?！薄疤奔创螅昂汀奔春椭C。意思是在天道的主宰夏，陰陽和合，太和元氣常運不息，萬物和諧共存。太和殿面闊11間，進深5間，殿高35.05米，面積約2377平方米。它是紫禁城乃至全國現(xiàn)存的最高、最大、最尊貴的宮殿，也是現(xiàn)存的中國宮殿建筑中規(guī)模最大的一座。太和殿在清明兩代是舉行大朝禮的地方。每逢元旦、冬至、萬壽，即皇帝生日這三大節(jié)及皇帝登基、大婚、命將出征、金殿傳臚等重大活動都要在他喝點舉行隆重的慶典。此外，冬至圜丘壇大忌、孟春圜丘壇常雩禮、孟春祁谷壇前一日，皇帝也都要在太和殿閱視祭祀祝版。
大家請?zhí)ь^看太和殿的屋頂，太和殿屋頂是采用古建筑中等級最高的重檐廡殿頂。屋頂正脊上兩頭的這兩大琉璃構(gòu)件叫大吻，吻上的龍形有鎮(zhèn)火的意思。除了裝飾性，它的使用功能是密合殿頂正脊和垂脊的交會處，以防風雨侵蝕。這兩個大吻高3.4米，寬2.68米，重4.3噸，由13塊琉璃構(gòu)件組成，是現(xiàn)存古建中最大的吻。太和殿殿頂四面坡的筒子瓦上鑲有琉璃帽釘兩排，垂脊上還有10個垂脊獸，分別是龍、鳳、獅、海馬、天馬、押魚、狻猊、獬豸、斗牛、行什，脊獸錢是騎鳳仙人。脊獸和帽釘既有裝飾作用又有實用性，他們起著固定屋頂琉璃瓦的作用。在我國古代，脊獸的數(shù)量依照建筑物的等級高低而不同，數(shù)量越多，代表了殿宇等級越高。太和殿的脊獸共有10只，全國只有故宮的太和殿是這樣。此外，太和殿裝飾用的彩繪也是最高等級的金龍和璽。
現(xiàn)在請大家跟隨我一起登上高臺來看看太和殿的內(nèi)部陳設。太和殿由72根巨柱支撐，其中66根大紅漆柱分布兩側(cè)，6根瀝粉貼金蟠龍金柱分列寶座兩旁。大殿內(nèi)的地上是“金磚漫地”，這種金磚主要產(chǎn)于江蘇省蘇州，是專門為皇宮燒造的細料方磚。之所以叫金磚，是因為這種磚燒制時間130天，質(zhì)地細密，敲之有金石之聲。太和殿內(nèi)的主要陳列室皇帝的寶座。寶座位于二米高的須彌式地平床上，通體雕以金龍，椅子后面是雕龍金漆的七扇屏風。金鑾寶座是明代的遺物，清朝的皇帝繼續(xù)使用。在袁世凱復辟的時候，曾經(jīng)將它換成了一個西式靠背坐椅。解放以后，專家們在庫房內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了寶座的殘件，經(jīng)過一年多的研究整修，終于恢復了寶座原貌。
現(xiàn)在請大家抬頭看，寶座的上方時蟠龍藻井，上圓下方，深1.8米，由上、中、下三部分組成，最下層是方井，中層為八角形，上部為圓形。井內(nèi)蟠龍俯首向下，龍口銜一個銅胎中空的水銀球。這個球被稱為軒轅鏡，寓意下面寶座上的皇帝是軒轅黃帝的正統(tǒng)繼承人。藻井的設置一方面是烘托帝王的尊嚴，另一方面還有鎮(zhèn)火的含義。
號，再來看寶座前方，大家可以看到寶座前設有腳踏、香筒、甪端、仙鶴、寶象等。香筒是皇帝上朝的時候用于放置檀香的，通過燃燒著的裊裊的香煙，烘托出一種神秘的氣氛。再來看象，身上駝著寶瓶，里面放有五谷，寓意天下太平，吉慶有余。而象身四腳立地，穩(wěn)如泰山，則象征社會和政權(quán)的穩(wěn)固，稱為太平有象。甪端，是傳說中的一種神獸，象征著當今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鶴被古人看作是一種長壽鳥，象征著江山長存。
看完了太和殿內(nèi)景，現(xiàn)在，讓我們轉(zhuǎn)過頭來再來看看殿外的陳設。在太和殿外的露臺上左右各有一只龍頭烏龜和一只銅鶴。龜鶴都是祥瑞長壽的動物，擺在這里有千秋萬代的含義。再仔細觀察一下，大家可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，龜鶴實際上是香爐，龜鶴背上有一塊可以開啟的蓋子，里面可以放香料，上大朝時燃香用，屆時香煙從龜鶴口中逸出，烘托了一種神秘莊嚴地氣氛。此外，在太和殿丹陛的東南角還設有日晷。日晷是我國古代的一種計時器，由晷盤和晷針組成，晷針從晷盤中心垂直穿過。自古以來，皇帝就有向天下頒布歷書的責任，所以日晷的設置是國家的重器之一。太和殿西南角設有嘉量，是古代的標準量器，放置在這里象征國家的統(tǒng)一和強盛。這兩件陳設象征皇帝在時間上和空間上都是公正無私的，對天下百姓都是坦誠、平等的。
此外，在太和殿外東西兩側(cè)還各有鎏金青銅太平缸兩口，每口重約2噸。鎏金是一種金屬加工工藝，據(jù)說這么大的太平缸需要用黃金100兩。不幸的是，上面的黃金卻被八國聯(lián)軍用軍刀刮走了?，F(xiàn)在我們還可以清晰地看到缸身上留下的刀刮痕跡。太平缸的主要用途是儲水，以備日常灑掃庭院、防火之用。據(jù)記載明朝時有熱水處太監(jiān)在每年的小雪節(jié)令，便給缸加蓋，缸座底下加帖抽，用來生活，以防止缸內(nèi)的水結(jié)冰，清朝時也是如此。紫禁城內(nèi)現(xiàn)在共有明清兩朝遺留下來的銅質(zhì)及鐵質(zhì)太平缸308口，其中鎏金金銅缸18口。
以上就是太和殿的情況。我剛才說了，太和殿是舉行大典的地方，在古代，舉行各種大典都要選良辰吉日，那么皇帝在何處等待這里是性時刻的來臨呢?就是太和殿后面的中和殿，那我們現(xiàn)在就去看看!
中和殿位于太和殿和保和殿之間，正處于“土”字形須彌座的中部。殿為方形，四角攢尖，鎏金寶頂。中和殿在明朝初年稱為華蓋殿，嘉靖年間改稱中極殿，順治年間改為中和殿?！爸泻汀倍秩∽浴抖Y記*中庸》“中也者，天下之大本也;和也者，天下之達道也?！斌w現(xiàn)了儒家中庸之道的思想。
在明清兩代，凡遇到三大節(jié)舉行慶典前，皇帝在趕赴太和殿之前，都要在中和殿稍作休息，接受內(nèi)閣、內(nèi)大臣、都察院、翰林院官員及侍衛(wèi)人員的朝賀。如果遇到皇帝親自參加方澤、太廟、社稷及歷代帝王廟、先師孔子、朝日、夕月等重大幾點的時候，皇帝還要提前一天在中和殿閱覽祝文，檢查種子和農(nóng)具。
過了中和殿，我們就來到了保和殿，它位于“土”字形須彌座的后部，為重檐歇山頂。明初永樂年間這里叫做謹身殿，嘉靖時改為建極殿，順治年間改為中和殿。保和殿名稱來源與太和殿相同，意思是統(tǒng)治者應該報紙?zhí)烊撕弦唬S護萬物的平衡。
保和殿在明清兩代用途不同。明朝的時候，在舉行冊立大典的是偶，皇帝都要在保和殿內(nèi)更衣。在年底，還要在此宴請文武百官。在清朝時，每逢除夕，皇帝在這里舉行宴會，宴請外藩王公。公主下嫁的宴請活動也在這里舉行。到了乾隆皇帝以后，保和殿又多了一個用途，成為科舉考試中殿試的地方。
大家隨我往后走，大家看，在保和殿后的臺階上的這塊石雕丹陛，是艾葉青石雕刻而成的，石雕四周都是卷草紋，下端是海水江牙紋，中央是飛云簇擁的九條蛟龍。制作非常精美，是難得的石雕珍品。這塊丹陛石長16.57米，寬3.07米，厚1.7米，重達200多噸，這是紫禁城內(nèi)最大的一塊石雕丹陛，采自北京房山境內(nèi)的大石窩。
好啦!故宮的前三點講解到此結(jié)束，現(xiàn)在請大家參觀保和殿并稍作休息，我們10分鐘后集合，謝謝大家!