初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)人教版
英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是必然的，從幾年的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中也領(lǐng)會(huì)了一些怎樣應(yīng)用策略的方法，如何學(xué)習(xí)才能更家對(duì)英語(yǔ)有興趣，最終學(xué)好英語(yǔ)必須要多下功夫。下面是小編整理的初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，歡迎大家閱讀學(xué)習(xí)!
初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
賓語(yǔ)從句
1.語(yǔ)序
無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“主句+連詞+賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+……)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：
(1)連接詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有： who, what, which等。如：
Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告訴我誰(shuí)知道答案嗎?
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西。
I don't know which belongs to my father.
(2)連接詞+名詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：whose, what, which, how many, how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問(wèn)我們班上誰(shuí)的書(shū)法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問(wèn)我們房間里有多少人。
(3)連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的`連接詞有：who(m), what, which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)。如：
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒(méi)決定是否去無(wú)錫旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢(qián)嗎?
(4)連接詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：what, which, how many, how much, how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。
2.連接詞
(1)當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)詞義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說(shuō)他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。
(2)當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.
但在下列情況下只能用whether：
①在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如：
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)
I don't know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.
②在介詞之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪(fǎng)那位老人。
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車(chē)去還是坐火車(chē)去。
④whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can't say.這是否真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。
⑤引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.問(wèn)題是我們能否趕上公共汽車(chē)。
⑥ 若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為：a. Please let me know whether you like the book.請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書(shū)。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書(shū)，請(qǐng)告訴我。
(3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?
九年級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
疑問(wèn)詞是疑問(wèn)代詞“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑問(wèn)副詞“when, where, how, why”。此外，連接詞“whether”也適用。
“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五種：
⑴當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，如：
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
Where to live is a problem.
How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussiontopic.
⑵當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如：
We must know what to say at a meeting.
He could not tell whom to trust.
Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：
The problem is where to find the financial aid.
The question is who to elect.
⑷當(dāng)名詞同位語(yǔ)，如：
Tom had no idea which book to read first.
Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：
Jim is not sure whose to choose.
Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.
適用于“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”的動(dòng)詞包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover,explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder,understand”等。
有點(diǎn)值得特別注意的是：當(dāng)這結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的作用等于名詞分句，例如：
I could not decide which dictonary to buy./ I could not decide whichdictionary I should buy.
Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not knowwhere he could find such a good teacher.
有些動(dòng)詞，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform,teach”等，可以先有個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，然后才接著加上適當(dāng)?shù)摹耙蓡?wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.
Have you told him where to get the application form?
初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)重點(diǎn)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的事情。常與now，at the moment，look，listen等詞連用。
The little boy is watching TV now.
這個(gè)小男孩現(xiàn)在正在看電視。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room.
聽(tīng)!她正在隔壁房間彈吉他。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
肯定式：am/is/are+doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
否定式：am/is/are not +doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
一般疑問(wèn)式：Am/Is/Are + 主語(yǔ) +doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)+ 其他
特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)式
They’re having a meeting now.
他們現(xiàn)在正在開(kāi)會(huì)。
They aren't having a meeting now.
他們現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有在開(kāi)會(huì)。
Are they having a meeting now?
他們現(xiàn)在正在開(kāi)會(huì)嗎?
What are they doing now?
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初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)人教版
