托福閱讀插入題解題技巧分析插入題如何做的又快又對

時間：2020-07-18 14:36:12 楚薇0由分享

托福閱讀插入題，也叫托福閱讀句子插入題，出題位置為每篇閱讀的倒數(shù)第二題。托福閱讀插入題為閱讀必考題，每篇閱讀固定一題。大家一定要保證插入題的正確率，盡量不要在這道題上失分。一起來學習一下!

托福閱讀插入題解題技巧分析插入題如何做的又快又對?

一. 弄懂文章段落

托福閱讀插入題通常會給出一句話，讓大家選擇它在文章中的位置。所以，做好這類題目的前提是要將文章段落弄懂。如果文章理解上仍有困難，建議大家先返回去背單詞。托福閱讀涉及的生詞要比其他三個版塊多，所以大家在一開始接觸托福閱讀時往往會覺得不知所云，讀完文章完全不理解文章的意思。這樣的狀態(tài)即便是熟練掌握了做題技巧也沒有什么用，因為沒有基礎的技巧是沒有用武之地的。

二. 句子代入文章

大家做托福閱讀時，能在有限的時間內(nèi)將文章理解的很透徹，做句子插入題就非常簡單了。建議大家先讀完文章段落，然后將給出的句子分別代入文章中四個空出的地方，然后看文章的意思是否連貫，行文結(jié)構(gòu)是否通暢。如果插入句子之后發(fā)現(xiàn)將文章原本連貫的意思被拆散，或者顯得十分突兀，肯定是不行的。句子插入后，閱讀文章應該變的更為完整連貫，前后銜接更為恰當合理。所以，代入法做這類題目是最為基本也是最能確保正確率的方法。

三. 掌握做題技巧

上文中提到做這里題目一般都會使用代入法，但是在使用代入法的時候也有一些解題技巧，這些技巧可以幫助大家更快地找到句子插入的最佳位置。如果插入題有一個空格在段落的結(jié)尾，要優(yōu)先考慮代入，因為在斷尾插入一句話對整段文章不會產(chǎn)生很大影響。相反，如果空格出現(xiàn)在段首，這個空格要留到最后代入，因為段首一般是整段的中心，如果缺失一句話，文章本身會顯得奇怪，所以這里缺失句子的可能性最低。這兩類是大家在做題的時候一定要注意的，其他還有一些稍欠實用的技巧，比如空格后出現(xiàn)代詞，不優(yōu)先考慮，空格后出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折因果或遞進，不優(yōu)先選擇……這類題目的做題技巧有很多，但是這些技巧的實用性仍有待考證。大家在平時做題的時候也可以自己總結(jié)規(guī)律，根據(jù)規(guī)律多做嘗試，多刷題，以后遇到此類題目就能做的又快又對。

托福閱讀文章這類題材怎么應對

在托福閱讀學術性文章中，一般需要具備三個組成部分：

(1)Topic 話題：即文章的主角是什么。比如講解某個科學理論、研究某種社會現(xiàn)象，探討某個歷史事件;

在托福文章中，這種導入性信息往往出現(xiàn)在篇首位置?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)篇首段信息對整篇文章所要討論的核心內(nèi)容有所了解;

(2)Aspects 方面：即將篇首的話題延伸拓展為若干個方面進行闡述說明。若話題為某個科學論點，則方面可能分為若干個支持論據(jù);若話題為某種自然現(xiàn)象，則方面可能分為若干個內(nèi)外成因;若話題為某個歷史事件，則方面為幾段發(fā)展時期;

在這種托福閱讀題材中，往往依照各個方面之間的層次關系，將各個方面拆分為若干個獨立的自然段落，共同組成行文主體;

(3)Attitude態(tài)度：即文章的作者對于所討論話題持怎樣的態(tài)度。或是積極肯定，或是消極否定，或是保持中立。

在托福文章中，態(tài)度往往是被較多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。

Topic話題 + Aspects方面 + Attitude態(tài)度，這三要素加起來就是標準學術論文體的"T+A+A篇章結(jié)構(gòu)"。托福文章大都遵循這種結(jié)構(gòu)，考生通過篇首段落信息來把控整個文章話題及大致討論方向，再抓住文章的各個段落主旨，便可洞悉整個文章脈絡和邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀學術性文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)

托福閱讀學術性文章的自然段落，一般需要具備兩個組成部分：

(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句：表達段落的主旨，即本段想要表達的核心內(nèi)容是什么;

(2) Detail 細節(jié)：為了詳細說明段落中心含義，所羅列的相關支持內(nèi)容，即本段通過哪些例證來闡明主旨句。

Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail細節(jié)，這兩個要素加起來就是標準學術論文體的"TS+D段落結(jié)構(gòu)"。托福文章段落大都遵循這種結(jié)構(gòu)，考生通過段落主旨句就可以把握該段的中心含義。

總結(jié)：當考生們了解了這種TAA篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和TS+D段落結(jié)構(gòu)的行文規(guī)律后，對文章框架的把握就會做到心里有數(shù)，更有利于提高托福閱讀速度和定位有效信息的準確度。

托福閱讀真題1

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and run off of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have unraveled cons of evolution and irrevocably redirected its course.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only .01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt — time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The causes of the extinction of the dinosaur

(B) The variety of species found in tropical rain forests.

(D) The time required for species to adapt to new environments

2. The word critical in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) negative

(B) essential

(D) complicated

3. The word jolting in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) predicted

(B) shocking

(D) illuminating

4. The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 12 to suggest that

(A) new habitats can be created for species

(B) humans are often made ill by polluted water

(D) an understanding of evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing

5. The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans oil the world's

ecosystems EXCEPT

(A) destruction of the tropical rain forests

(B) habitat destruction in wetlands

(D) the introduction of new varieties of plant species

6. The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs in the second paragraph to emphasize

that

(A) the cause of the dinosaurs extinction is unknown

(B) Earth's climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs' extinction,

(D) actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species' extinction

7. The word magnitude in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) concern

(B) determination

(D) extent

8. According to the passage , natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by

humans in that changes caused by humans

(A) are occurring at a much faster rate

(B) are less devastating to most species

(D) are reversible

9. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?

(A) Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy.

(B) The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.

(D) Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems

PASSAGE 41 CBBCD CDAD

托福閱讀真題2

Railroads reshaped the North American environment and reoriented North American behavior. In a quarter of a century, claimed the Omaha Daily Republican in 1883, they have made the people of the United States homogeneous, breaking through the peculiarities and provincialisms which marked separate and unmingling sections.

The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources, made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and carried consumer goods to households; it dispatched immigrants to unsettled places, drew emigrants away from farms and villages to cities, and sent men and guns to battle. It standardized time and travel, seeking to annihilate distance and space by allowing movement at any time and in any season or type of weather. In its grand and impressive terminals and stations, architects recreated historic Roman temples and public baths, French chateaus and Italian bell towers — edifices that people used as stages for many of everyday life's high emotions: meeting and parting, waiting and worrying, planning new starts or coming home.

Passenger terminals, like the luxury express trains that hurled people over spots, spotlight the romance of railroading. (The twentieth-Century Limited sped between Chicago and New York in twenty hours by 1915). Equally important to everyday life were the slow freight trans chugging through industrial zones, the morning and evening commuter locals shuttling back ions and urban terminals, and the incessant comings and goings that occurred in the classifications, or switching, yards. Moreover, in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone lines the railroad nurtured factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and generating stations, forming along its right-of-way what has aptly been called the metropolitan corridor of the American landscape.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The influence of ancient architecture on the design of railroad terminals

(B) The importance of natural resources in the development of railroads

(D) Technological improvements in the area of communication in the nineteenth century

2. It can be inferred from the quote from the Omaha Daily Republican (line 2-4) that railroads

(A) made all sections of the nation much wealthier

(B) brought more unity to what had been a fragmented nation

(D) had no effect on the environment of the United States

3. The word it in line 7 refers to

(A) transport

(B) scale

(D) railroad