利率與通貨膨脹

　　利率與通貨膨脹的關(guān)系相輔相成,利率和通貨膨脹也是影響外匯的因素,下面是小編為您收集整理的利率與通貨膨脹，供大家參考!

　　投資理財(cái)入門(mén)大坑：利率與通貨膨脹

　　Pay Attention to Taxes and Inflation

　　關(guān)注稅收和通貨膨脹

　　To paraphrase famed investor Warren Buffett, when it comes to measuring your investment results over time, the primary thing that matters is how many more hamburgers you can buy at the end of the day. In other words, focus on purchasing power.

　　根據(jù)著名投資人沃倫·巴菲特所言，衡量長(zhǎng)期投資收入時(shí)最基本要考慮的是最終你能多買(mǎi)幾個(gè)漢堡，也就是說(shuō)要關(guān)注購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。

　　It is amazing how few professional portfolio managers focus on pre-tax returns rather than after-tax returns or who ignore the rate of inflation.

　　但令人驚訝的是只有極少數(shù)專業(yè)投資管理人會(huì)關(guān)注稅前收益而不關(guān)注稅后收益，或者忽視通貨膨脹率。

　　Many trade frequently and although they may earn 9% to 12% for their investors over long periods of time, if those investors are in a high marginal tax bracket, the investors will end up with less wealth than they would have otherwise had if they had hired a more conservative manager who made 10% but who structured the investments with an eye towards April 15th. Why?

　　許多人交易頻繁，雖然長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)能為投資者賺到9%- 12%的收益率，但如果投資者要面臨高邊際稅率的話，最終賺到的錢(qián)還不如找一個(gè)更保守的投資管理人多，保守的管理人能賺到10%的收益率，但會(huì)以4月15日為目標(biāo)進(jìn)行投資。為什么會(huì)這樣?

　　In addition to the enormous cost savings that result from long-term investing (as opposed to short-term trading), there are several tax advantages. Here are some of them:

　　除了長(zhǎng)期投資節(jié)約的巨大成本(與短期交易相反)之外，還有一些稅率的優(yōu)勢(shì)。下面舉幾個(gè)例子：

　　Short-term capital gains are taxed at personal income tax rates. In New York City, for example, Federal, State, and Local taxes on these types of short-term gains can meet or exceed 50%!

　　短期資本收益按個(gè)人所得稅稅率納稅，比如在紐約市，聯(lián)邦、州和地方的這種短期收益的稅率可達(dá)或超過(guò)50%!

　　At the Federal level, the worst damage is presently 39.6%.

　　聯(lián)邦稅收中目前最高的稅率是39.6%。

　　In contrast, long-term capital gains, or those generated from investments held for one year or longer, are typically taxed between 0% and 23.6% at the Federal level.

　　相比之下，聯(lián)邦層面的長(zhǎng)期資本收益，或由一年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間投資產(chǎn)生的收益，通常的稅率為0% -23.6%。

　　Unrealized gains are a sort of “float” on which you can continue to experience the benefit of compounding your money.

　　未實(shí)現(xiàn)收益是一種“浮動(dòng)”，讓你能繼續(xù)享受理財(cái)?shù)氖找妗?/p>

　　If you sell your investment to the move the money into a new stock, bond, mutual fund, or other investment, you are not only going to have to pay commissions, but you are going to have to give the tax man his cut of your profits.

　　如果你賣掉投資產(chǎn)品，把錢(qián)轉(zhuǎn)移到新股票、債券、共有基金或其他投資上，你不僅要付傭金，還要從你的利潤(rùn)中分給稅務(wù)人員一部分。

　　That means the amount you have available to reinvest is going to be substantially lower than the amount shown on your balance sheet just before you liquidated the position.

　　這就意味著清算資產(chǎn)之前你能繼續(xù)投資的那部分錢(qián)，基本上會(huì)低于決算表上顯示的錢(qián)數(shù)。

　　That’s why the best investment minds, such as Benjamin Graham, said you should only consider switching out of one investment and into another if you think the new position is far more attractive than your current one.

　　這就是為什么像本杰明·格雷厄姆這樣最好的投資人說(shuō)你只能在新的投資產(chǎn)品比目前投資產(chǎn)品好太多時(shí)才能考慮從一個(gè)投資中撤出，轉(zhuǎn)投另外一個(gè)。

　　In other words, it’s not enough for it to be a “l(fā)ittle” more attractive - it needs to be absolutely evident to you.

　　也就是說(shuō)吸引力大“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”都不夠，對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)足夠有說(shuō)服力才可以。

　　To learn more about this topic, read Using Deferred Taxes to Increase Your Investment Returns.

　　為了了解更多這方面的內(nèi)容，你可以讀一下《Using Deferred Taxes to Increase Your Investment Returns》。

　　Where and how you hold your investments can exert a significant influence on your ultimate compounding rate.

　　把錢(qián)投在哪兒、怎樣投都會(huì)對(duì)你的最終復(fù)合增長(zhǎng)率產(chǎn)生巨大影響。

　　If you own shares of many different companies, some of these stocks are likely to pay large cash dividends, while others retain most profits to fund future expansion.

　　如果你擁有多家不同公司的股份，其中有一些可能會(huì)付給你大量的現(xiàn)金股利，而其他的要保留大部分收益來(lái)保證未來(lái)投資的增長(zhǎng)。

　　(To learn why this happens, read Determining Dividend Payout: When Should a Company Pay Dividends?).

　　(想要了解具體原因，請(qǐng)閱讀《Determining Dividend Payout: When Should a Company Pay Dividends?》)

　　Certain types of bonds, such as tax-free municipal bonds, can be exempt from taxes even when held in taxable accounts under the right conditions, while other types of interest income, such as those generated by corporate bonds held in an ordinary brokerage account, can be taxed at almost 50% by the time you add up Federal, state, and local taxation.

　　某些特定類型的債券，如免稅市政債券，正常情況下即使在納稅賬戶中也能免稅。而其他類型的利息收入，如普通經(jīng)紀(jì)賬戶持有的公司債券產(chǎn)生的收益，加上聯(lián)邦、州和地方稅稅率將高達(dá)約50%。

　　As a result, you need to pay careful attention to where, precisely, on your balance sheet specific assets are placed if you want to get the most from your money.

　　因此如果你想要讓收益最大化你需要格外注意決算表上特定資產(chǎn)究竟投在了哪里。

　　For example, you would never hold tax-free municipal bonds through a Roth IRA.

　　比如你絕對(duì)不會(huì)通過(guò)羅斯個(gè)人退休賬戶買(mǎi)到免稅市政債券。

　　You would prioritize putting the dividend paying stocks in a tax shelter such as a Roth IRA and non-dividend stocks in an ordinary brokerage account.

　　你會(huì)優(yōu)先考慮把分紅的股票放進(jìn)羅斯個(gè)人退休賬戶等避稅投資中，不分紅的股票放進(jìn)普通的經(jīng)紀(jì)賬戶中。

　　Always, always, always contribute to your 401k at least up to the amount of your employer match. If your employer matches class="main">