8年級下冊英語語法
8年級下冊英語語法
下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的8年級下冊英語語法，希望對大家有幫助。
Unit6 Fun Cycling
Topic1 We’re going on a spring field trip
一. 重點(diǎn)詞匯
( 一 ) 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換:
1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對應(yīng)詞) king
3.comfortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety
( 二 ) 詞的辨析
1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on
3. other /else 4. raise /rise
5.each /every 6.exciting / excited
(三)重點(diǎn)詞組:
1.go on a visit to 去……旅行
2. make the decision 做決定
3.bring back 帶回
4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行
5.decide on (upon) sth 對某事做出決定
6 see the sunrise 看日出
7. make a reservation 預(yù)訂
8. come up with 想出(主意)
9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望
10. pay for 支付;賠償
11. raise money 籌錢
12. book a ticket 訂票
13. make a room for sb 為……訂房間
14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快
15. in the daytime 在白天
16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行
17.find out 查出
18. some places of interest 名勝
19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間
20.a hard (soft) sleeper 硬(軟)臥
21.my pleasure 不客氣
二.重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn)
1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激動人心的消息要告訴你們。
to tell you 是動詞不定式短語， 作定語。動詞不定式作定語時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.
2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽起來不錯。
3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。
go on a visit to 去參觀/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.
類似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic
a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個月的假期
an eighteen-year-old boy 一個18歲的男孩
4.It’s hard to say. 這很難說。To say 是動詞不定式作主語，It 是形式主語。
如： It’s nice to meet you.
5. I’ll ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問問航空公司。同義句是：
I’ll phone and ask the airline.
6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明
天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來，然后我們來決定最好的郊游方式。
bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.
decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 We’re trying to decide on a school.
7.It’s too far for cycling. 騎自行車去路太遠(yuǎn)了。同義句是：It’ too far to cycle there.
8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…?乘……去泰山要花多長時間?
9.How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少錢?
How much does a standard room cost ? 一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間的價格是多少?
10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.
我們的票價是硬臥120元，軟臥是180元。
at 意為“以……”，一般用于表示價格，年齡，速度等詞的前面，for 意為“供，適合于”。I’ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.
11.I’d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要預(yù)訂20張硬臥票。
20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets
book tickets 預(yù)訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為……預(yù)訂房間
e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我們想預(yù)訂一些14號的房間。
12.Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 請?jiān)谙挛?：30之前付款。
Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事
e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國的費(fèi)用.
13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想預(yù)訂房間。
make a reservation 預(yù)訂
14. We have rooms with a bathtub… 我們有帶浴缸……的房間。
with 有或帶著 a house with a swimming pool
a standard room with two single beds
15.It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美國的學(xué)校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the money ourselves.
16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一個學(xué)生花一美元便可買到一張抽獎的票。
(1)each 作主語，謂語用單數(shù) Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. (2)用于單數(shù)名詞前，作定語，謂語用單數(shù)。Each student has their own e-mail address.
(3)用于復(fù)數(shù)主語后，作主語同位語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。They each have their own e-mail address.
17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的來信。
Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.
三.重點(diǎn)語法
動詞不定式
(1) 動詞不定式常跟這些及物動詞之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用順口溜(要想拒絕忘記，需要努力學(xué)習(xí)，喜歡同意幫助，希望決定開始)
(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
(3) 不定式可以和疑問詞who , which ,when, where ,how, what等連用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.
(4) 本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有：
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.
Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ?
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯：
(一)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換：
1.explore(名詞) explore 2. east (形容詞) eastern
3.north(形容詞) northern 4. push (反義詞) pull
5.sadly(形容詞) sad (名詞) sadness 6. crowd (形容詞) crowded
(二)重點(diǎn)詞組:
1.make a plan 擬定計劃
2. make sure 確信，確保
3. come along with 和……一起來
4. at the foot of 在……的腳下
5. be surprised at 對……感到驚奇
6. be satisfied with 對……感到滿意
7. out of sight 看不見
8. step on one’s toes 踩著某人的腳
9. can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
10. spread over 分布于
11.rush out 沖出去
12.raise one’s head 抬頭
13.ask sb for help 向某人求助
14.thank goodness 謝天謝地
二. 重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn)
1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.當(dāng)你在旅行時， 我正忙于準(zhǔn)備考試。
(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事
I’m busy preparing for my birthday party these days.
(2)while 當(dāng)……時候，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。當(dāng)一個動作在正在進(jìn)行時，另一個動作也同時進(jìn)行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.
2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 請你幫我定個旅行計劃好嗎?
Would you 比will you 語氣更加客氣，委婉, 類似還有could you
Could you come along with us ?
3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他們仔細(xì)勘測了整個區(qū)域，確保這些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山環(huán)繞。
make sure 確信，確保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.
4.It’s about two and a half hours by bike. 騎自行車大約要2個半小時。
Two and a half hours = two hours and a half
5.It’s to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的東面。
to the +方位詞+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.
on the +方位詞+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .
in the +方位詞+of 表示在某一范圍內(nèi)的地區(qū) Beijing is in the north of China.
6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他們走進(jìn)定陵，對那里的奇觀感到很驚奇。
be surprised at 對……感到很驚奇 He is surprised at dragons.
be surprised to do sth 驚奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.
7.…so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他們不得不尋找停自行車的地方
space 空間 Can you make space for this old man ?
8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
當(dāng)人群從四面八方擠來時，有人踩了他的腳。
in one’s direction 朝著某人的方向 step on one’s toes踩了某人的腳
step on sth 踩某物 Don’t step on the flowers and grass.
9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.
當(dāng)他最后沖出人群時，他注意到他的兩個朋友都不見了。
notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事
10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
三個男孩一見面，就高興得跳了起來。
as soon as 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 意為“一……就”
He left as soon as he heard the news.
I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.
11.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起頭。 not …until 直到……才
12.They were so lovely that we couldn’t help playing with them.
它們太可愛了，我們禁不住和它們一起玩。
can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldn’t help laughing.
13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我對在中國的一切感到滿意。]
be satisfied with 對……感到滿意 He is satisfied with my work.
14.. We even asked the guard for help. 我們甚至向保安尋求幫助。
ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.
三.重點(diǎn)語法 時間狀語從句
1。引導(dǎo)詞：
(1) when, while , as 當(dāng)……時候. when 后可跟短暫性動詞也可跟延續(xù)性動詞;while 后跟延續(xù)性動詞;
as 多用于口語，強(qiáng)調(diào)同一時間，或一前一后。
The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.
= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 學(xué)生在教室里談話時，老師進(jìn)來了。
Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 媽媽總是邊給我們做飯邊唱歌。
(2)not … until 直到……才，主句謂語動詞常用短暫性動詞。
I won’t leave here until the rain stops.
He didn’t sleep until his mother came back home.
(3) after 在……之后，before 在……之前，as soon as 一……就
I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.
As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.
2. 時態(tài)
(1)當(dāng)主句為一般過去時時，從句常用過去的某種時態(tài)。
While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.
(2)當(dāng)主句的時態(tài)為一般將來時， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有：
1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.
2.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name.
3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.
6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.
Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯：
(一)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換：
1. death (動詞) die (形容詞 )dead 2 slow (副詞) slowly
3.crossing(動詞)cross 介詞) across 4. success(動詞)succeed (形容詞successful
5.Pain (形容詞) painful 6. lead (名詞) leader
7.final (副詞) finally 8impossible (反義詞) possible
9 courage (動詞) encourage
(二)重點(diǎn)詞組:
1.Slow down 減速
2. run into 撞到
3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事
4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
5. ride into 進(jìn)入 躋身于
6 get used to (doing) 習(xí)慣于做某事
7. a sharp turn 急轉(zhuǎn)彎
8. be popular with 受……的歡迎
9. get a fine 處以罰金
10. go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事
11. the way to success 成功之路
12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則
13.break the traffic rules 違反交通規(guī)則
14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
15.be famous for 因……聞名
16. be in danger 處于危險中
17.after a while 一會兒
二. 重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn)
1.I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我認(rèn)為北京的交通很擁堵。
traffic 是不可數(shù)名詞
2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人們都遵守交通規(guī)則，交通事故將會減少。
If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人們違反交通規(guī)則，將很危險，我們會受到處罰的。
這是if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
3.I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。
more confident 是比較級
4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 這樣可以節(jié)約能源以及避免空氣污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事
You should avoid making the mistake like that.
He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.
5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行車深受人們歡迎。
Be popular with 受……歡迎
6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事
7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人認(rèn)為自行車比其他交通工具要安全些。
8..However, his way to success didn’t go well. 然而，他的成功之路并非一帆風(fēng)順。
The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功
I didn’t have much success in finding a job. 我找工作沒什么結(jié)果。
9.Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面對生命中其他挑戰(zhàn)一樣，蘭斯迎頭面對。
10.It seems impossible to beat him. 打敗他似乎是不可能的。
beat sb 打敗某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal
It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……
She always seems to be sad.
三.重點(diǎn)語法 條件狀語從句
1.條件狀語從句由if(如果)，unless(除非)等 引導(dǎo)的，謂語動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，主句用一般將來時。
主句 if從句
Will (must, should, may) 一般現(xiàn)在時
如：I won’t go if he doesn’t go .
We will pass the exam if we study hard.
We won’t pass the exam unless we study hard..
2. 祈使句+and/or 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果句，祈使句在意義上相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。
如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.=You’ll be late unless you hurry up.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.