小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
對(duì)于還有一年就步入初中的五年級(jí)小學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的掌握程度關(guān)系到他們英語(yǔ)這門課程的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī),那么我們需要掌握哪些英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法呢?下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家整理的小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),希望大家喜歡!
小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
一、Be動(dòng)詞用法
be動(dòng)詞(am、is、are)+not、
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+ not、
助動(dòng)詞(do、does) + not
如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否定句:
1、看句中有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞,如有,直接在be動(dòng)詞后+ not。
2、看句中有無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如有,直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后+ not。
3、如上述二者都沒(méi)有,就應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞+ not。分四個(gè)步驟:
(1)肯定陳述句中本來(lái)是沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)后,動(dòng)詞前。
(2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does,根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do,動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does,
(3)在助動(dòng)詞后加not。
(4)原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。
強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn),有some的要考慮是否要用any。
二、一般疑問(wèn)句
如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為一般疑問(wèn)句:
1、看句中有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞,如有,把be動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。
2、看句中有無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如有,把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都沒(méi)有,就應(yīng)把助動(dòng)提到句首。分四個(gè)步驟:
(1)肯定陳述句中本來(lái)是沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)后,動(dòng)詞前。
(2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do還是does,根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do,動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does
(3)把助動(dòng)詞后提到句首。
(4)原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。
強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn),有some的要考慮是否要用any。
三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
表示將來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours' time, etc. 表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用。
結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形
I will go to America tomorrow.
The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.
Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.
變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首
Will you go to America tomorrow?
Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?
Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?
變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not
I will not go to America tomorrow.
The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.
Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I will. / No, I will not.
Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not.
Yes, he will. / No, he will not.
特殊疑問(wèn)句
What will you do?
四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
構(gòu)成: 主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分
We are having lunch.
He is reading a book.
The dog is running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首
Are we having lunch?
Is he reading a book?
Is the dog running after a cat?
Are the boys swimming across the river?
變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加 not
We are not having lunch.
He is not reading a book.
The dog is not running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
特殊疑問(wèn)句:what, which, how, where, who, etc.
疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞
What are you doing?
What is she doing?
What is the dog doing?
沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞(必背)
表示狀態(tài),思想,感情和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
1. 表示感覺(jué),感官的詞
see, hear, like, love, want,
2. have, has當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)
五、過(guò)去式
表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件, 常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,
含有be動(dòng)詞的句子, 將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式,am, is的過(guò)去式為was,are的過(guò)去式為were
I was at the butcher’s.
You were a student a year ago.
The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首
Were you at the butcher’s?
Were you a student a year ago?
Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?
變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not
I was not at the butcher’s.
You were not a student a year ago.
The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.
肯定回答否定回答
Yes, I was. No, I was not.
Yes, you were. No, you were not.
Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.
特殊疑問(wèn)句:
What did you do?
(必背)
不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子,將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式
I finished my homework yesterday.
The boy went to a restaurant.
The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.
變疑問(wèn)句在句首加did, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?/p>
Did you finish your homework yesterday?
Did the boy go to a restaurant?
Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?
變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加did not
I did not finish my homework yesterday.
The boy did not go to a restaurant.
The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
Yes, they did. No, they did not.
六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過(guò)去分詞
用法:
2) 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作,常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用
I have just had lunch. (飽了,不用再吃了)
He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝)
They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)
The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了,不用再看了)
3) 詢問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
Have you finished your homework?
Have you been to Beijing?
Have he seen the film?
4) 表示開始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作
I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
I have worked for this school for 1 year.
5) 表示一種經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗(yàn):去過(guò)…地方,做過(guò)…事情,經(jīng)歷過(guò)…事情
I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film.
I have never been to cinema.
I have ever been to Paris.
Have been to表示去過(guò),have gone to 表示去了
I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來(lái))
He has gone to London.(人還在那里)
6) 表示一種結(jié)果, 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用
I have lost my pen.
I have hurt myself.
He has become a teacher.
She has broken my heart.
句型變化:
變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首,變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.
e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I have. No, I have not.
特殊疑問(wèn)句:
What have you done?
What has he done?
一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:
凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)
注意:有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn),不能再延續(xù),因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
錯(cuò):I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
對(duì):I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.
七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)
用法:在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里,兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在前的那個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
結(jié)構(gòu):had+過(guò)去分詞
After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.
They had sold the car before I asked the price.
The train had left before I arrived at the station.
After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào),如果放在主句后則不用加。
1.變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首
Had she finished her homework?
2. 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not
She hadn’t finished her homework.
3. 肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.
4.特殊疑問(wèn)句:
What had she done?
小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法
1.特殊疑問(wèn)句由特殊問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo),不同的疑問(wèn)詞用來(lái)詢問(wèn)不同的對(duì)象。
2.特殊疑問(wèn)句的句型是:
特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句的句式,也就是“疑問(wèn)詞﹢系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞﹢主語(yǔ)﹢其他成分。”
3.特殊疑問(wèn)句不能用Yes 或No 來(lái)回答,而要對(duì)所詢問(wèn)的對(duì)象有針對(duì)地回答。
1)對(duì)指物的名詞或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提出疑問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞用what
2)對(duì)名詞前的定語(yǔ)提出疑問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)用which,而且必須和名詞連用。
3)對(duì)指人的名詞或代詞提問(wèn)用who,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)提問(wèn)用whom。
4)對(duì)物主代詞和名詞所有格提問(wèn)用whose。
5)對(duì)具體時(shí)間提出疑問(wèn),如 in the morning,last Sunday等,疑問(wèn)詞用when;對(duì)具體幾點(diǎn)鐘提問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)用what time。
6)對(duì)具體地點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)用where。
7)對(duì)表原因的從句提問(wèn),常見的有because引導(dǎo)的從句,疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)用why。
8)對(duì)方式或程度等提出疑問(wèn),用疑問(wèn)詞How。
9)對(duì)數(shù)量提出疑問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞為How many,要注意how many必須跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
10)對(duì)價(jià)格提出疑問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞用How much。
11)對(duì)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度提出疑問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)用How long。
12)對(duì)時(shí)間頻率,如 once a year, twice a week等提問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞用
How often。
13)對(duì)具體次數(shù),如 once, twice, three times等提問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞用How many times。
14)對(duì)in+一段時(shí)間提問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞一般用How soon。
15)對(duì)距離提出疑問(wèn),疑問(wèn)詞用How far。
16)另外,對(duì)日期、星期、天氣等提出疑問(wèn),則分別用What's the date?/ What day is it ? 如果是過(guò)去時(shí)間,就用was代替is。如:What was the weather like?
小學(xué)五年級(jí)上好小學(xué)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課的方法
一:抓基礎(chǔ) 緊扣書本
常言說(shuō):“萬(wàn)變不離其中”。書本包含了單詞,對(duì)話,課文,Let`s chant Let`s sing 以及聽力的 練習(xí)??荚囋囶}不管是什么類型的,怎樣變化都來(lái)源與書本。因此小學(xué)英語(yǔ)的復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)全面,抓基 礎(chǔ),應(yīng)該緊扣書本。
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課本中的單詞分黑體和白體。黑體是四會(huì)單詞,在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候?qū)W生不僅要會(huì)聽說(shuō)讀 寫,而且還要注意音標(biāo)的拼寫,字母及字母組合的常規(guī)發(fā)音和特殊發(fā)音,對(duì)于特殊的發(fā)音要強(qiáng)調(diào), 以便做辨音題;而白體單詞只要求學(xué)生會(huì)讀能聽懂;在復(fù)習(xí)單詞的時(shí)候還要注意單詞的詞形的變 化,動(dòng)詞變第三人稱單數(shù) fly-flies 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 get-getting,形容詞變副詞 slow-slowly 寫反義 詞 right-wrong ugly-beautiful 只有面面俱到才能疏而不漏。
英語(yǔ)教材中的對(duì)話和課文是教材的主體,是圍繞話題而進(jìn)行的交際活動(dòng)。對(duì)話和閱讀就好比 人體的血液,是教材的靈魂,在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候要作為重點(diǎn)。詞,重要句,短文學(xué)生不僅要會(huì)讀,知 其義還要結(jié)合教材創(chuàng)造情景,讓學(xué)生在讀說(shuō)練中有興趣的復(fù)習(xí)。根據(jù)小學(xué)生的心理特點(diǎn)和生理特 點(diǎn),要充分利用教材資源,采用多種教學(xué)方法,使學(xué)生在課堂上聽說(shuō)讀寫唱演,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生積極參 與,大膽表達(dá),讓學(xué)生在玩中學(xué) Let`s sing 和 Let`s chant 從而調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的情緒,從而做到有的放 矢。
二:抓重點(diǎn) 系統(tǒng)概括復(fù)習(xí)
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建以活動(dòng)課為主的教學(xué)模式。教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交流的能 力。小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)不講語(yǔ)法概念。小學(xué)低年級(jí)的語(yǔ)法很少,而小學(xué)高年級(jí)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)很多。 如:否定句的變化,一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般將來(lái)時(shí),特殊疑問(wèn)句, 選擇疑問(wèn)句,形容詞的比較級(jí)等。如果上綱上線的講語(yǔ)法,學(xué)生就會(huì)一頭霧水,我認(rèn)為應(yīng)抓重點(diǎn), 系統(tǒng)概括的復(fù)習(xí)。
如在復(fù)習(xí)五年級(jí)上冊(cè)三,四,五,六課時(shí),我就是這樣做的。三四五六這四課講的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn) 行時(shí) be+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。我先讓學(xué)生讀每一課的 Let`s learn 內(nèi)容,然后英漢互說(shuō),同時(shí)我把句 子寫在黑板上,有陳述句(肯定,否定)一般問(wèn)句,答語(yǔ),特殊疑問(wèn)句,再讓學(xué)生仔細(xì)觀察。比 一比誰(shuí)的眼睛最亮,我最愛發(fā)言方法,很快學(xué)生們明白了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,陳述句的肯定句是 怎樣變否定句的,如何根據(jù)一般問(wèn)句寫答語(yǔ),及特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成等。再進(jìn)一步延伸,讓學(xué)生做 動(dòng)作表達(dá) I am singing. He is not drawing.Are they swimming?What is Lulu doing?等學(xué)生在不知不 覺(jué)中全面地復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的各種句式,并能進(jìn)行對(duì)話,達(dá)到了舉一反三的目的。
三:促實(shí)效 精講多練
英語(yǔ)大綱中強(qiáng)調(diào)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課講求課堂實(shí)效性,全面提高學(xué)生的動(dòng)手能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)進(jìn) 行交流和做事情的能力,提高他們的思維能力和認(rèn)識(shí)世界的能力。在上小學(xué)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)我主張 “促實(shí)效精講多練”這樣才能使教學(xué)受到事半功倍的效果。課堂上要精講,講重點(diǎn),講難點(diǎn),講 清學(xué)生一知半解的內(nèi)容,同時(shí)還要讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行練習(xí)。我注重課堂練習(xí),一課一練,一日一練,一 周一練,一月一練,但題量不大要求學(xué)生在限定的時(shí)間內(nèi)去做。比一比誰(shuí)做的最棒,學(xué)生的練習(xí) 分為學(xué)校練習(xí)和家庭練習(xí)各負(fù)其責(zé),課堂上有老師負(fù)責(zé),家庭作業(yè)有家長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)督促,而且家長(zhǎng)簽 字,有學(xué)習(xí)上的問(wèn)題隨時(shí)語(yǔ)老師聯(lián)系和咨詢,如讀單詞,課文,堅(jiān)持做到一日聽錄音十五分鐘等, 學(xué)生在家的情況可隨時(shí)與我聯(lián)系,做到家校溝通,學(xué)生的積極性也調(diào)動(dòng)起來(lái)了。
四 :促動(dòng)力 興趣先行
目的產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力。要想使小學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)自覺(jué)主動(dòng)地復(fù)習(xí),必須興趣引導(dǎo)。我先給學(xué)生講學(xué)英 語(yǔ)的好處和目的,讓他們知道學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)他們的將來(lái)大有好處。讓他們產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力,目的不能太大, 可以是一句表?yè)P(yáng)的話,一朵小紅花,也可以是一個(gè)肯定的眼神。
如在復(fù)習(xí)六年級(jí)的第十課時(shí),講的是形容詞的比較級(jí),而課文里出現(xiàn)了大量的動(dòng)物,我就和 家長(zhǎng)聯(lián)系好。比一比誰(shuí)課堂上聽講認(rèn)真,表現(xiàn)積極,而且課文內(nèi)容學(xué)得好,家長(zhǎng)帶她去動(dòng)物園, 這樣以來(lái)學(xué)生的興趣來(lái)了,積極性很高,上課時(shí)聽的津津有味。形容詞的比較級(jí) strong-stronger big-bigger heavy-heavies 三種形式的變化學(xué)生掌握的很好,再用動(dòng)物圖片讓學(xué)生練習(xí) Which is taller,the giraffe or the elephant? The giraffe is taller than the elephant.學(xué)生課堂上熱情高漲,踴躍回 答,下課時(shí)檢測(cè)學(xué)生都會(huì)了。
“學(xué)而不思則罔,思而不學(xué)則殆。溫故而知新,可以為師矣。”復(fù)習(xí)就是溫故的過(guò)程,上好 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課的方法各種各樣,因人而異。無(wú)論是李世虬的愉快教學(xué)法,還是馬承的簡(jiǎn)筆畫形 象教學(xué)法,還是張思中的循環(huán)教學(xué)法,都不能完全拿來(lái)就用。我們做一線教師的英語(yǔ)老師,一定 要因地制宜,因材施教,培優(yōu)補(bǔ)差。只有這樣才能搞好英語(yǔ)的復(fù)習(xí),才能將語(yǔ)音,詞匯,語(yǔ)法, 閱讀的規(guī)律交給我們的學(xué)生,使他們逐步掌握學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律,懂得學(xué)習(xí)的策略和方法,能獨(dú)立自主 的學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí),使學(xué)生終身受益。