學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)英語 > 英語知識(shí)大全 > 小學(xué)英語過去式知識(shí)歸納

小學(xué)英語過去式知識(shí)歸納

時(shí)間: 桂香1115 分享

小學(xué)英語過去式知識(shí)歸納

  過去式是英語里面使用頻率較高的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),小學(xué)英語過去式是小學(xué)生要掌握的知識(shí),那么小學(xué)英語過去式的內(nèi)容有哪些呢?下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家整理的小學(xué)英語過去式的相關(guān)資料,希望大家喜歡!

  小學(xué)英語過去式知識(shí)歸納

  一、概念

  表示在的過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時(shí)間的詞或詞組。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year,a moment ago(剛才),just now(剛才), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 如: I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡覺。

  二、動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律

  (一)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式

  1、一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed;如:look→looked play→playe d;

  2、以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used;

  3、以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

  4、以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后,再加 –ed。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;

  (二)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式(后附不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表)

  1、改變動(dòng)詞中的元音;

  begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got

  2、變?cè)~尾的–d 為–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

  3、與動(dòng)詞原形一樣; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

  4、變-ay 為-aid (少數(shù)動(dòng)詞); say→said pay→paid lay→laid

  5、采用不同詞根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

  6、其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

  三、句式變化

  (一)一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句

  1、把was, were放在句首,其余位置不變。由Was…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句,肯定答為:Yes,… was. 否定回答為:No,…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句,肯定回答為:Yes,… were. 否定回答為:No,… weren’t. 如:

  (1)I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?

  →Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)

  (2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.

  →Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?

  →Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

  2、在行為動(dòng)詞的句子中,要用助動(dòng)詞詞did來引導(dǎo),其余的語序不變。要注意的是,要把行為動(dòng)詞的過去式改為原形。肯定回答為:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn’t. 如:

  John played computer games last night.

  →Did John play computer games last night?

  →Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)

  (二)一般過去時(shí)的否定句

  1、在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中,相接在was, were的后面加上not。

  如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.

  (2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.

  2、在表示過去的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的句子中,要在行為動(dòng)詞的前面加助動(dòng)詞didn’t.然后把過去式的行為動(dòng)詞改為動(dòng)詞原形。即:didn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:

  (1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.

  (2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.

  (三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句

  1.What did … ?(主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情,注意要把過去式改為動(dòng)詞原形。)

  We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?

  2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。)

  They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.

  →Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?

  3.Who + 動(dòng)詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。)

  Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.

  →Who climbed mountains last weekend?

  四、句子結(jié)構(gòu)

  1、在表示某個(gè)時(shí)間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子,系動(dòng)詞用過式was,were構(gòu)成。如:

  (1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們?cè)隗w育館。

  2、在表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用動(dòng)詞的過去式構(gòu)成。如:

  I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。

  3.各種句式

  (1)一般過去時(shí)的肯定陳述句:

  主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去式 + 賓語或表語。

  He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.

  (2)一般過去時(shí)的否定句:

  a.主語 + didn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 賓語。 (did + not = didn't)

  He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.

  b.主語 + wasn’t/weren’t +表語。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)

  He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.

  (3)一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句:

  a.Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 賓語 ?

  Did you study English in 1990 ?

  b.Was/Were + 主語 + 表語 ?

  Was he a pupil five years ago ?

  (4)一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句:

  a.特殊疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 賓語?

  Where did your parents live five years ago?

  What did you do last Sunday?

  b.特殊疑問詞 + were/was + 表語?

  Who was at the zoo yesterday?

  小學(xué)英語動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則

  1、一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

  2、結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

  3、末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

  4、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i, 再加-ed,如:study-studie

  不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成

  1.把動(dòng)詞原形中的 i 改為a,變成過去式。如:

  begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam

  2.把重讀開音節(jié)中的 i 改為o,變成過去式。如:

  drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote

  3.改動(dòng)詞原形中的aw /ow為ew,變成過去式。如:

  draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(動(dòng)詞show除外,show—showed)

  4.動(dòng)詞原形中的e改為o,變成過去式。如:

  get—got,forget—forgot

  5.動(dòng)詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過去式。如:

  feed—fed,meet—met

  6.動(dòng)詞原形中的eep改為ept,變成過去式。如:

  keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept

  7.動(dòng)詞原形中的eak改為oke,變成過去式。如:

  break—broke,speak—spoke

  8.動(dòng)詞原形中的ell 改為old,變成過去式。如:

  sell—sold,tell—told

  9.動(dòng)詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過去式。如:

  stand—stood,understand—understood

  10.以ought和aught結(jié)尾,且讀音是〔 :t〕的過去式。如:

  bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught

  11.以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為〔ud〕的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式。如:

  can—could,shall—should,will—would

  12.把動(dòng)詞原形中的o改為a,變成過去式。如:

  come—came,become—became

  13.在動(dòng)詞原形后加d或t變成過去式,并且發(fā)生音變。如:

  hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕

  14.動(dòng)詞的過去式與動(dòng)詞原形一樣。如:

  let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕

  15.不符合上述規(guī)律的動(dòng)詞過去式。如:

  am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,

  find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,

  make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took

3660308