linux的shutdown命令詳解
linux的shutdown命令詳解
linux下關(guān)機(jī)我們可以采用shutdown命令來實(shí)現(xiàn)，下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家搜集整理了linux的shutdown命令詳解的相關(guān)知識，希望對大家有幫助!
linux的shutdown命令詳解
命令簡介：
該命令可以安全關(guān)閉或者重新啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。你沒有看錯(cuò)，shutdown命令不僅可以關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)、也可以重啟Linux系統(tǒng)。
命令語法：
/sbin/shutdown [-t sec] [-arkhncfFHP] time [warning-message]
命令參數(shù)：
參數(shù) | 長參數(shù) | 描敘 |
-a | Use /etc/shutdown.allow. | |
-c | 中斷關(guān)機(jī)：當(dāng)執(zhí)行"shutdown -h 12:00"指令時(shí)，只要按+鍵就可以中斷關(guān)機(jī)的指令 | |
-f | 重新啟動(dòng)時(shí)不進(jìn)行磁盤檢測（fsck） | |
-F | 重新啟動(dòng)時(shí)進(jìn)行磁盤檢測（fsck） | |
-h | 關(guān)閉電源 | |
-k | 模擬關(guān)機(jī)（不是真的關(guān)機(jī)），只是向登錄者發(fā)送警告信息出去！ | |
-n | 不調(diào)用init進(jìn)程進(jìn)行關(guān)機(jī)，而是強(qiáng)行關(guān)機(jī) | |
-r | 關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)然后重新啟動(dòng)，類似于Windows平臺restart | |
-t | 延遲關(guān)機(jī)的時(shí)間 | |
-w | 僅做測試，并不真的將系統(tǒng)重新開機(jī)，只會把重開機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)寫入/var/log目錄下的wtmp記錄文件 | |
--help | 顯示命令在線幫助 |
linux的shutdown命令使用示例
1: 查看reboot命令的幫助信息
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown --help
shutdown: invalid option -- -
Usage: shutdown [-akrhHPfnc] [-t secs] time [warning message]
-a: use /etc/shutdown.allow
-k: don't really shutdown, only warn.
-r: reboot after shutdown.
-h: halt after shutdown.
-P: halt action is to turn off power.
-H: halt action is to just halt.
-f: do a 'fast' reboot (skip fsck).
-F: Force fsck on reboot.
-n: do not go through "init" but go down real fast.
-c: cancel a running shutdown.
-t secs: delay between warning and kill signal.
** the "time" argument is mandatory! (try "now") **
[root@db-server ~]#
[root@db-server ~]# man shutdown
SHUTDOWN(8) Linux System Administrator鈥檚 Manual SHUTDOWN(8)
NAME
shutdown - bring the system down
SYNOPSIS
/sbin/shutdown [-t sec] [-arkhncfFHP] time [warning-message]
DESCRIPTION
shutdown brings the system down in a secure way. All logged-in users are notified that the system is going
down, and login(1) is blocked. It is possible to shut the system down immediately or after a specified delay.
All processes are first notified that the system is going down by the signal SIGTERM. This gives programs like
vi(1) the time to save the file being edited, mail and news processing programs a chance to exit cleanly, etc.
shutdown does its job by signalling the init process, asking it to change the runlevel. Runlevel 0 is used to
halt the system, runlevel 6 is used to reboot the system, and runlevel 1 is used to put to system into a state
where administrative tasks can be performed; this is the default if neither the -h or -r flag is given to shut-
down. To see which actions are taken on halt or reboot see the appropriate entries for these runlevels in the
file /etc/inittab.
OPTIONS
-a Use /etc/shutdown.allow.
-t sec Tell init(8) to wait sec seconds between sending processes the warning and the kill signal, before
changing to another runlevel.
-k Don鈥檛 really shutdown; only send the warning messages to everybody.
-r Reboot after shutdown.
-h Halt or poweroff after shutdown.
-H Halt action is to halt or drop into boot monitor on systems that support it.
-P Halt action is to turn off the power.
-n [DEPRECATED] Don鈥檛 call init(8) to do the shutdown but do it ourself. The use of this option is dis-
couraged, and its results are not always what you鈥檇 expect.
-f Skip fsck on reboot.
-F Force fsck on reboot.
-c Cancel an already running shutdown. With this option it is of course not possible to give the time argu-
ment, but you can enter a explanatory message on the command line that will be sent to all users.
time When to shutdown.
warning-message
Message to send to all users.
The time argument can have different formats. First, it can be an absolute time in the format hh:mm, in which
hh is the hour (1 or 2 digits) and mm is the minute of the hour (in two digits). Second, it can be in the for-
mat +m, in which m is the number of minutes to wait. The word now is an alias for +0.
If shutdown is called with a delay, it creates the advisory file /etc/nologin which causes programs such as
login(1) to not allow new user logins. Shutdown removes this file if it is stopped before it can signal init
(i.e. it is cancelled or something goes wrong). It also removes it before calling init to change the runlevel.
The -f flag means 鈥榬eboot fast鈥? This only creates an advisory file /fastboot which can be tested by the sys-
tem when it comes up again. The boot rc file can test if this file is present, and decide not to run fsck(1)
since the system has been shut down in the proper way. After that, the boot process should remove /fastboot.
The -F flag means 鈥榝orce fsck鈥? This only creates an advisory file /forcefsck which can be tested by the sys-
tem when it comes up again. The boot rc file can test if this file is present, and decide to run fsck(1) with
a special 鈥榝orce鈥?flag so that even properly unmounted filesystems get checked. After that, the boot process
should remove /forcefsck.
The -n flag causes shutdown not to call init, but to kill all running processes itself. shutdown will then
turn off quota, accounting, and swapping and unmount all filesystems.
ACCESS CONTROL
shutdown can be called from init(8) when the magic keys CTRL-ALT-DEL are pressed, by creating an appropriate
entry in /etc/inittab. This means that everyone who has physical access to the console keyboard can shut the
system down. To prevent this, shutdown can check to see if an authorized user is logged in on one of the vir-
tual consoles. If shutdown is called with the -a argument (add this to the invocation of shutdown in /etc/init-
tab), it checks to see if the file /etc/shutdown.allow is present. It then compares the login names in that
file with the list of people that are logged in on a virtual console (from /var/run/utmp). Only if one of those
authorized users or root is logged in, it will proceed. Otherwise it will write the message
shutdown: no authorized users logged in
to the (physical) system console. The format of /etc/shutdown.allow is one user name per line. Empty lines and
comment lines (prefixed by a #) are allowed. Currently there is a limit of 32 users in this file.
Note that if /etc/shutdown.allow is not present, the -a argument is ignored.
HALT OR POWEROFF
The -H option just sets the init environment variable INIT_HALT to HALT, and the -P option just sets that vari-
able to POWEROFF. The shutdown script that calls halt(8) as the last thing in the shutdown sequence should
check these environment variables and call halt(8) with the right options for these options to actually have
any effect. Debian 3.1 (sarge) supports this.
FILES
/fastboot
/etc/inittab
/etc/init.d/halt
/etc/init.d/reboot
/etc/shutdown.allow
NOTES
A lot of users forget to give the time argument and are then puzzled by the error message shutdown produces.
The time argument is mandatory; in 90 percent of all cases this argument will be the word now.
Init can only capture CTRL-ALT-DEL and start shutdown in console mode. If the system is running the X window
System, the X server processes all key strokes. Some X11 environments make it possible to capture CTRL-ALT-DEL,
but what exactly is done with that event depends on that environment.
Shutdown wasn鈥檛 designed to be run setuid. /etc/shutdown.allow is not used to find out who is executing shut-
down, it ONLY checks who is currently logged in on (one of the) console(s).
AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
SEE ALSO
fsck(8), init(8), halt(8), poweroff(8), reboot(8)
November 12, 2003 SHUTDOWN(8)
(END)
2：馬上關(guān)閉Linux系統(tǒng)，其中 now 相當(dāng)于時(shí)間為 0 的狀態(tài)
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown -h now
Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (Sat Jan 10 18:51:34 2015):
The system is going down for system halt NOW!
3：系統(tǒng)2分鐘后重新啟動(dòng)，其中+m表示幾分鐘后關(guān)機(jī)或開機(jī)。
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown -r +2
Broadcast message from root (pts/2) (Sat Jan 10 19:56:00 2015):
The system is going DOWN for reboot in 2 minutes!
4：設(shè)置系統(tǒng)在那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)關(guān)機(jī)
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown -h 12:30
或
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown -h 12:30 &
[1] 4578
最好是使用命令&將關(guān)機(jī)命令至于后臺處理。不影響當(dāng)前其它操作。
設(shè)置多久時(shí)間后執(zhí)行shutdown命令。時(shí)間參數(shù)有hh：mm或+m兩種模式。hh：mm格式表示在幾點(diǎn)幾分執(zhí)行shutdown命令。例如 “shutdown 10：45”表示將在10：45執(zhí)行shutdown.+m表示m分鐘后執(zhí)行shutdown.比較特別的用法是以now表示立即執(zhí)行shutdown. 值得注意的是這部分參數(shù)不能省略。另外，需要注意如果現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)22:30，你執(zhí)行了shutdown -h 22:00 & 那么第二天才會關(guān)機(jī)。
5：將前一個(gè)shutdown命令取消息
如下所示，執(zhí)行了下面命令讓Linux在12:30關(guān)機(jī)，但是如果發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)不合適，那么可以使用CTRL+C取消
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown -h 12:30
Shutdown cancelled.
[root@db-server ~]#
也可以在另外一個(gè)命令窗口執(zhí)行下面命令
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown -c
6：向所有登錄的用戶發(fā)出信息
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown -k "now"
Broadcast message from root (pts/2) (Sat Jan 10 20:09:14 2015):
The system is going down to maintenance mode NOW!
Shutdown cancelled.
另外登錄的會話窗口會收到如下信息
[root@db-server ~]#
[root@db-server ~]#
Broadcast message from root (pts/2) (Sat Jan 10 20:11:34 2015):
The system is going down to maintenance mode NOW!
一般使用下面語法，如下所示
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown -k now "The Server will shutdown now"
Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (Sat Jan 10 20:14:54 2015):
The Server will shutdown now
The system is going down to maintenance mode NOW!
Shutdown cancelled.
7：重新啟動(dòng)時(shí)不進(jìn)行磁盤檢測
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown -fr now
Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (Sat Jan 10 20:23:59 2015):
The system is going down for reboot NOW!
8：在多少秒后關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)并給用戶發(fā)送提示信息
[root@db-server ~]# shutdown -t 10 -h now "System will shutdown 10 sencond later"
Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (Sat Jan 10 20:33:36 2015):
System will shutdown 10 sencond later
The system is going down for system halt NOW!